Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
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Recently developed clinical guidelines suggest that men in families with specific cancer syndromes, such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), consider genetic testing, especially in the setting of aggressive disease. However, although a family history (FH) of the same disease among close relatives is an established risk factor for prostate cancer (PC), a direct comparison of PC risk for men with each syndrome in a single population is needed. ⋯ In this large, population-based, family database, the risk of PC varied by cancer FH and was most strongly associated with EO disease. These results are critically valuable in understanding and targeting high-risk populations that would benefit from genetic screening and enhanced surveillance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Randomized Phase II Trial of Nivolumab Versus Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Cancer: An NRG Oncology Study.
Single-agent PD-1 blockade exhibits limited efficacy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We evaluated ipilimumab plus nivolumab compared with nivolumab alone in women with persistent or recurrent EOC. ⋯ Compared with nivolumab alone, the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in EOC resulted in superior response rate and longer, albeit limited, PFS, with toxicity of the combination regimen comparable to prior reports. Additional combination studies to enhance durability of the dual regimen are warranted.
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Thin melanomas (T1; ≤ 1 mm) constitute 70% of newly diagnosed cutaneous melanomas. Regional node metastasis determined by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is an important prognostic factor for T1 melanoma. However, current melanoma guidelines do not provide clear indications on when to perform SNB in T1 disease and stress an individualized approach to SNB that considers all clinicopathologic risk factors. We aimed to identify determinants of sentinel node (SN) status for incorporation into an externally validated nomogram to better select patients with T1 disease for SNB. ⋯ We propose the nomogram as a decision aid in all patients with T1 melanoma being considered for SNB.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Liberal Versus Restrictive Red Blood Cell Transfusion Thresholds in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Randomized, Open Label, Phase III, Noninferiority Trial.
Evidence regarding red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices and their impact on hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes are poorly understood. ⋯ In patients undergoing HCT, the use of a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy threshold of 70 g/L was as effective as a threshold of 90 g/L and resulted in similar HRQOL and HCT outcomes with fewer transfusions.
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Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated immune suppression via angiogenesis inhibition may augment the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We report results from the dose-finding and initial phase II expansion of a phase Ib/II study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with selected advanced solid tumors. ⋯ Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in patients with selected solid tumor types.