Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Meta Analysis
A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery.
Whilst preoperative carbohydrate treatment (PCT) results in beneficial physiological effects, the effects on postoperative clinical outcomes remain unclear and were studied in this meta-analysis. ⋯ PCT may be associated with reduced length of stay in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, however, the included studies were of low to moderate quality.
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Comparative Study
Indirect calorimetry in mechanically ventilated patients. A systematic comparison of three instruments.
Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard in determining energy expenditure to dose nutritional therapy for critically ill patients. The most commonly used system for indirect calorimetry in the ICU setting (Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor) is no longer in production. The aim of this study was to compare two new instruments for IC (Quark RMR, CCM Express) to the Deltatrac in mechanically ventilated patients. ⋯ Available instruments for indirect calorimetry give conflicting estimates of energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated patients. Whilst the Quark RMR compares better with the Deltatrac than CCM Express, the mechanisms behind this difference needs to be further explored.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Effect of gastric versus post-pyloric feeding on the incidence of pneumonia in critically ill patients: observations from traditional and Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis.
Administration of enteral feeding is associated with a higher risk of nosocomial pneumonia. Herein, we systematically review the impact of gastric versus post-pyloric feeding on the incidence of pneumonia. ⋯ Comparing with gastric feeding, post-pyloric route can reduce incidence of pneumonia in critically ill patients.
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HPN patients with benign diseases deserve professional care as they have to deal with complex techniques and risk potentially dangerous complications. The aim was to highlight main outcome quality indicators and to develop a set of key interventions to direct multidisciplinary teams in providing qualitative care. ⋯ Using a two-round Delphi approach, consensus was reached for the majority of interventions concerning HPN patients with benign diseases. This set of 68 interventions could be of use as a starting point for quality-improvement programs.
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often associated with psychological distress, is characterized by increased gut permeability and visceral sensitivity. In animals, stress increases intestinal paracellular permeability (IPP), visceral sensitivity and colonic proteolytic activity. Estradiol reduces IPP and affects visceral sensitivity in non-stressed ovariectomized rats, but whether estrogens affect stress-induced hyperpermeability and hypersensitivity in cyclic females remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate (i) the effects of a phytoestrogen-rich soy germ fermented ingredient (SG) on visceral hypersensitivity, hyperpermeability and other symptoms in stressed intact female rats, (ii) the mechanisms of action involved on the basis of both estrogenic and protease inhibitor activities of SG. ⋯ A 2-wk oral treatment with SG prevented the stress-induced hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity in cyclic rats through ER activation, and blocked the increase in colonic proteolytic activity, suggesting that SG can be promising in IBS management.