Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Supplemental parenteral nutrition improves immunity with unchanged carbohydrate and protein metabolism in critically ill patients: The SPN2 randomized tracer study.
Individualized supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) providing measured energy expenditure from day 4 reduced infectious complications in a previous study including 305 intensive care (ICU) patients. The study aimed at investigating the metabolic, and immune responses underlying the clinical response of the previous trial. ⋯ NCT02022813 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized controlled study of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting in patients undergoing elective craniotomy.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading versus fasting on the outcomes of patients undergoing elective craniotomy. ⋯ Oral carbohydrate loading given 2 h before surgery in patients undergoing elective craniotomy seems to improve glucose homeostasis, handgrip strength and pulmonary function as well as decrease LOS without increasing the risk of postoperative complications. Routine use of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading could be suggested in clinical settings, though further evaluation of its safety and efficacy is warranted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults.
Age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia are associated with frailty and metabolic diseases. Resistance exercise training (RET) adjuvant to evidence-based nutritional intervention(s) have been shown as mitigating strategies. Given that β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMB) supplementation during RET improves lean body mass in younger humans, and that we have shown that HMB acutely stimulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and inhibits breakdown; we hypothesized that chronic supplementation of HMB free acid (HMB-FA) would enhance MPS and muscle mass/function in response to RET in older people. ⋯ RET with adjuvant HMB-FA supplements in free-living healthy older men did not enhance muscle strength or mass greater than that of RET alone (PLA). That said, only HMB-FA increased TLM, supported by early increases in chronic MPS. As such, chronic HMB-FA supplementation may result in long term benefits in older males, however longer and larger studies may be needed to fully determine the potential effects of HMB-FA supplementation; translating to any functional benefit.
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Comparative Study
Indirect calorimetry in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: Comparison of E-sCOVX with the deltatrac.
Indirect calorimetry is recommended to measure energy expenditure (EE) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. The most validated system, the Deltatrac® (Datex-Ohmeda, Helsinki, Finland) is no longer in production. We tested the agreement of a new breath-by-breath metabolic monitor E-sCOVX® (GE healthcare, Helsinki, Finland), with the Deltatrac. We also compared the performance of the E-sCOVX to commonly used predictive equations. ⋯ The E-sCOVX metabolic monitor is not accurate in estimating EE in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients when compared to the Deltatrac, the present reference method. The E-sCOVX overestimates EE with a bias and precision that are clinically unacceptable.
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Sarcopenia is known to be a poor prognostic factor after liver transplantation (LT). However, the significance of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (sarcopenic obesity) remains unclear. This study examined the impact of sarcopenic obesity on outcomes after living donor LT (LDLT). ⋯ Patients with sarcopenic obesity showed worse survival after LDLT compared with nonsarcopenic/nonobesity patients.