Clinical nutrition : official journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
-
The ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition (PN) reflect current scientific knowledge in the field of clinical nutrition in adults. They summarize the indications for PN and its anticipated outcomes in respect of the underlying disease, nutritional status and quality of life. They are companion documents to the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition and follow the same general format. ⋯ More than 300 evidence-based recommendations are now presented. Fewer than one sixth of the recommendations are Grade A, and disappointingly, but unsurprisingly, more than 50% are Grade C. The need for more and better controlled trials in the field remains apparent.
-
Comparative Study
Assessement of resting energy expenditure of obese patients: comparison of indirect calorimetry with formulae.
Determining the caloric expenditure of overweight (Body mass index - BMI from 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) or obese (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)) patients is a difficult task. The importance of the measurement using indirect calorimetry (IC) is to avoid the administration of an inadequate caloric load, which can increase clinical morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) obtained by IC with that estimated by the Harris-Benedict (HB) and the Ireton-Jones (IJ) equations and a fixed amount of 21 kcal/kg of body weight, using actual, average and adjusted weights. ⋯ From these data we can conclude that even though the average values obtained with the equations utilized to predict the REE for this population, showed good correlation with those by IC, as they had the best comparative absolute results, however they demonstrated an unacceptable variability when matched to the measured REE values.
-
Four preterm infants with intestinal failure and severe parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) received fish-oil-based parenteral lipid as rescue treatment in substitution for the standard soybean-based lipid preparation. The progression of liver disease was halted in 3 infants and they recovered with complete resolution of PNAC. ⋯ The remaining infant with residual inflamed bowel, protracted feeding intolerance and repeated episodes of sepsis did not respond. Our findings suggest that fish-oil-based parenteral lipid emulsion may contribute to effective treatment of PNAC in selected patients, which should be further evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
-
To investigate the relationship of neck circumference (NC) to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and whether it adds information to that provided by waist circumference. ⋯ NC contributes to MetS likelihood beyond waist circumference and the MetS components. Regarding association with OSAS, NC is of greater value than WC among Turkish men, not women.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Role of glutamine administration on T-cell derived inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Cardiac surgery provokes an inflammatory response for which the endothelium, the myocardium, and monocytes/macrophages are primarily responsible. T cells are altered in a different way whereby the pro-inflammatory pathway is suppressed. From the results of experimental studies it was concluded that glutamine (Gln) enhances the production of T-cell cytokines in conditions of Gln deprivation. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the role of a perioperative Gln infusion on intracellular inflammatory T-cell cytokine expression in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery and to evaluate the effects on systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction and ICU length of stay. ⋯ The elevation of Gln plasma levels as a result of 0.5 g/kg/day perioperative Gln infusion has no influence on the T-cell derived inflammatory response, indicating a sufficient supply of Gln. A Gln supplementation in cardiac surgery patients without a clear Gln deficiency seems not to affect the intracellular inflammatory T-cell cytokine expression.