The American journal of emergency medicine
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Multicenter Study
Use of physician extenders and fast tracks in United States emergency departments.
To describe current practice regarding the use of physician extenders (PEs) and the "fast track" (FT) concept in United States emergency departments (EDs), a telephone survey of 250 US health care facilities offering emergency services was conducted. Of the EDs surveyed, 21.6% were using PEs at the time of the survey, and of those not using PEs, 23.5% intended to do so within the next 2 years. Those using PEs had been using them for a mean duration of 3.5 years (the mode was 2 years). ⋯ The mean estimated percentage of ED patients going through FT was 30.1%. The mean number of hours per day of FT operation was 13.4 hours on weekdays and 13.7 hours on weekends (the mode was 12 hours/day both on weekdays and weekends). Of hospitals using PEs in the ED, 56.0% had FT; of hospitals without PEs in the ED, 23.5% had FT.
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A study was undertaken to determine if there are differences in hematocrit (HCT) during the initial evaluation of patients with and without significant visceral intrathoracic or intraabdominal injury after penetrating trauma and, if so, the predictive value of this parameter. Sixty consecutive adults with potentially significant penetrating trauma who presented to an urban municipal trauma center during a 10-week period were studied. Diagnostic variables were recorded for all patients at risk for significant injury, defined as intrathoracic or intraabdominal injury requiring surgical intervention. ⋯ Presentation with an HCT below normal, or an early decrease in HCT, is an indicator of potential injury. Although many patients with serious internal injuries do not manifest large decreases early after presentation, those who do have a high probability of internal injury. The lower the HCT, or the greater the decrease, the greater the probability that a significant injury exists.
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This study surveyed the stool appearance descriptions of 107 inpatient children with intussusception. Fifty-six patients presented with grossly bloody stools (passed spontaneously), 10 of which were determined on chart review to resemble currant jelly. Of the 51 patients without grossly bloody spontaneously passed stools, 35 patients had rectal examination results charted. ⋯ Generic terms such as blood, mucus, burgundy, red, etc, are more objective and sensitive at identifying cases of intussusception. Junior physicians who are taught the classic presentation of intussusception with currant jelly stool should also be taught that intussusception should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children passing any type of bloody stool. As a result, physicians with limited experience will be more likely to appropriately consider the diagnosis of intussusception, permitting a more timely diagnosis and a better outcome.
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Review Multicenter Study
Rapid sequence intubation in adults with elevated intracranial pressure: a survey of emergency medicine residency programs.
A questionnaire entitled "Survey of Protocols for Rapid Sequence Intubation in Previously Healthy Adults with Elevated Intracranial Pressure" was distributed to the program directors of all 100 emergency medicine residency programs listed in the Directory of Graduate Medical Education Programs in February 1995. The medical literature on rapid sequence intubation in patients with suspected intracranial pressure elevations was reviewed. The findings of the review were compared with the survey responses. ⋯ Most of these programs follow the guidelines recommended in the medical literature. The majority of these guidelines, however, are based on statistical data performed in the laboratory or nonemergency environments. Further clinical studies in an emergency medicine environment must be performed to determine the optimal drug regimen for rapid sequence intubation in patients with elevated intracranial pressure.
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Acute traumatic aortic injury (ATAI) results in several characteristic chest radiographic findings, most notably mediastinal widening. This study was based on the hypothesis that blood or fluid in the widened mediastinum might track up into the neck and be detected on lateral cervical radiographs. In a blinded, retrospective, case-control review of radiology files, 13 consecutive adult cases of ATAI were identified and compared with 19 cases of negative aortography (NAO) and 18 multiple trauma victims (MT) without aortography. ⋯ Cervical ST measurements at C3 or at C6 did not correlate with mediastinal-chest width ratios. Mediastinal widening, aortopulmonic window opacification, and blurring of the aortic knob were the most sensitive chest radiography findings in ATAI, although each of these lacked useful specificity and accuracy. Cervical ST swelling is not a useful marker for ATAI.