The American journal of emergency medicine
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Shock Index (SI) is considered to be a predictor of mortality in many medical and trauma settings. Many studies have shown its superiority to conventional vital sign measurements in mortality prediction. ⋯ In nontrauma adult patients, triage time SI, MSI, and Age SI are superior to blood pressure for mortality prediction in ESI level 2. They can be used alone or in combination with similar results, but their low sensitivity and specificity make them usable only as an adjunct for this purpose.
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Case Reports
Early left ventricular free-wall rupture in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: never to be neglected.
As the most dramatic and fatal complication, left ventricular free-wall rupture (LVFWR) used to present in approximately 3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction. After the introduction of primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the incidence of LVFWR decreased but remained approximately 1.7%. ⋯ Left ventricular free-wall rupture rarely occurs in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, but the risk of it cannot be ignored. This case describes early development LVFWR after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction to evoke high vigilance of clinicians to this condition.
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Case Reports
Use of intra-aortic balloon pump support for oozing-type cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction.
Left ventricular free wall rupture usually leads to acute hemopericardium and sudden cardiac death resulting in cardiac tamponade. Rarely, only a few patients with subacute free wall rupture such as oozing-type ventricular rupture or left ventricular false aneurysm may permit time for pericardiocentesis and surgery. We report a 63-year-old man with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention about 12 hours from the onset, and cardiac tamponade occurred on the second day. ⋯ In the following 24 hours, about 600 mL of hemorrhagic pericardial fluid was drained. The most likely diagnosis was concerning for oozing-type ventricular rupture, and a conservative approach was decided. The patient survived to the acute phase under IABP support and was discharged with complete recovery.
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Hemodynamically unstable patients with supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) should be treated with electrical cardioversion. If the patient is stable, acute termination of tachycardia can be achieved by vagal maneuvers or medical therapy. The Valsalva maneuver, carotid massage, and ice to the face are the most common vagal maneuvers. ⋯ Then, a short and powerful vagal stimulation occurs. Thus, SVT episodes can be terminated. Here we present our experience of a new maneuver for terminating SVT, with cases.
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Early identification of sepsis in the emergency department (ED), followed by adequate fluid hydration and appropriate antibiotics, improves patient outcomes. ⋯ An EHR-based triage sepsis alert and SWAT protocol led to a significant reduction in the time to intravenous fluids and time to antibiotics in ED patients admitted with suspected sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.