The American journal of emergency medicine
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Review Case Reports
A rare seizure: Tumor lysis syndrome after radiation therapy of a solid tumor.
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an uncommon but life threatening condition seen in oncology patients. Due to its underlying pathophysiology, it is classically associated with hematologic malignancies following chemotherapeutic treatment. In this article, we present a case of TLS in the setting of two rare features: a solid tumor malignancy and the absence of recent chemotherapy. We briefly review risk factors and the diagnosis of this potentially fatal but treatable condition.
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Observational Study
Evaluating the value of dynamic procalcitonin and presepsin measurements for patients with severe sepsis.
This study comparatively evaluated the value of dynamic procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin measurements in assessing therapeutic efficacy and prognosis for patients with severe sepsis. ⋯ Dynamic monitoring of presepsin and PCT demonstrated that both presepsin and CR of presepsin are continuous and better markers than are PCT and CR of PCT for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of patients with severe sepsis.
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Case Reports
Post-partum hemorrhage complicated by reverse-Takotsubo cardiogenic shock; a novel therapeutic approach.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a type of transient, yet severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, rarely complicating extreme emotional stress ("primary" TTC) or critical medical/surgical illness ("secondary" TTC forms). Although usually reversible, TTC may result in cardiogenic shock with dismal prognosis. "Secondary" TTC forms are particularly in danger for this complication, bearing significantly worse short and long-term prognosis. Herein, we report a rare case of a life-threatening "secondary" TTC in a patient with post-cesarean section severe hemorrhage, and we point out that early co-administration of esmolol and levosimendan might be an effective and safe therapeutic approach in "reversing" TTC-induced cardiogenic shock, especially when invasive therapeutic strategies are practically unfeasible.
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Case Reports
The de Winter electrocardiographic pattern of proximal left anterior descending occlusion.
Prompt recognition of electrocardiographic signs of acute left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion is essential for timely restoration of flow. However, some patients may present with atypical electrocardiographic signs, and early diagnosis of these patients may constitute a clinical challenge. ⋯ These cases highlight the importance of recognizing the de Winter electrocardiogram pattern in cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI). An emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should be performed in suspected AMI patients as early as possible.
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We illustrate the case a patient with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes consistent with those described in Wellens' syndrome. The characteristic ECG findings of Wellens' syndrome identify patients who have a particularly high rate of important coronary events in the near future, however these findings have previously been described only in the setting of normal conduction. A review of Wellens' syndrome, its criteria and pathophysiology, and its proposed appearance in the setting of LBBB is presented.