The American journal of emergency medicine
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Currently, ≤5% of bystanders witnessing an opioid overdose (OD) in the US administer antidote to the victim. A possible model to mitigate this crisis would be a system that enables 9-1-1 dispatchers to both rapidly deliver naloxone by drone to bystanders at a suspected opioid OD and direct them to administer it while awaiting EMS arrival. ⋯ Our results suggest that bystanders can carry out 9-1-1 dispatcher instructions to fetch drone-delivered naloxone and potentially decrease the time interval to intranasal administration which supports further development and testing of a such a system.