The American journal of emergency medicine
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Review
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the emergency department: A focus on medication management.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic progressive incurable condition associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. With over five drug classes FDA approved in the last decade, the significant advancements in the pharmacologic management of PAH has improved long-term outcomes. ⋯ Given these consequences, PAH medications are classified as high-risk, and the transitions of care process to and from the hospital setting are a vulnerable area for medication errors in this population. Thus, it is crucial for the emergency department provider to appropriately identify, manage, and triage these patients through close collaboration with a multidisciplinary team to ensure safe and effective medication management for PAH patients in the acute care setting.
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During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, many emergency departments (EDs) were exposed to COVID-19 and were temporarily closed according to national protocol of Korea. We aimed to evaluate the effect of concurrent and recurrent temporary closures of EDs on the clinical outcomes of patients who visited EDs during the COVID-19 outbreak. ⋯ The temporary closures of EDs due to the unpredicted COVID-19 exposure resulted in an increase in emergency patients' in-hospital mortality rates irrespective of whether they used EMS. Preparing regional EMS systems to cope with new outbreaks is essential to protect the safety of all citizens.
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Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative first used in clinical practice in the 1970's. Specifically within the emergency department (ED), ketamine is utilized for a wide variety of indications including but not limited to procedural sedation, rapid sequence intubation, agitation, and pain. As providers continue to utilize ketamine more frequently and for additional indications, additional data describing its safety and efficacy in the ED setting is warranted. ⋯ This descriptive review supports the versatility, safety, and efficacy of ketamine use within a large, tertiary-care, academic emergency department. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to draw further conclusions regarding ideal ketamine utilization within the emergency department.
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Comparative Study
Extended dwell and standard ultrasound guided peripheral intravenous catheters: Comparison of durability and reliability.
Background Vascular access is a critical component of emergency department (ED) care. Ultrasound guided placement of peripheral intravenous (USIV) catheters is increasingly common. However, USIV are thought to suffer from reduced durability and higher complication rates. ⋯ Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated survival benefit (longer dwell time) favoring EDC (HR 0.70 [95%CI 0.60-0.81]). Conclusion Use of EDC results in longer dwell time and reduces subsequent use of vascular access resources, while maintaining low complication rates. EDC demonstrate superior durability which may justify their selection over standard USIV in some patients.
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This study aimed to determine the association between sarcopenic findings of the psoas muscle and mortality in patients with sepsis; further, it aimed to assess its clinical utility, in addition to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, in predicting mortality. ⋯ The results suggested an association of the sarcopenic findings of the psoas muscle on CT imaging with 90-day mortality; however, the modified SOFA had few additional clinical values to that of SOFA in predicting 90-day mortality.