The American journal of emergency medicine
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Comparative Study
Quantification of superoxide radical production in 4 vital organs of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock.
The aim of this study was to measure the production of superoxide radical (O2-), a direct indicator of oxidative stress, in 4 vital organs of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. For this purpose, and for the first time, a new quantitative assay for the ex vivo measurement of O2- via an established 1:1 molar relationship between O2- and 2-OH-ethidium was used. The production of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), a standard method of evaluation of oxidative stress, was also used for reasons of comparison. ⋯ The results of this new O2- assay were comparable with the results of the established LOOHs method, and this assay proved to be accurate and sensitive in the detection and quantification of O2- production in all organs tested. Thus, the proposed direct measurement of O2- in critically ill patients often facing in extremis situations could be used as a prognostic tool and as a method to evaluate therapeutic interventions in the setting of emergency medicine.
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Acute phosphate toxicity following rectal administration of phosphate-containing preparations was documented earlier. However, acute phosphate toxicity due to inhalation of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is rarely reported. ⋯ In view of the easy accessibility of fire extinguishers and its likely use for suicidal or homicidal purposes, physicians and practitioners working in emergency departments should be aware of this entity. Early recognition, removal of phosphate by hemodialysis, and supportive care have prevented this case from acute phosphate nephropathy and further complications.
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We investigated the correlation of proinflammatory transcript nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and antioxidative gene transcript nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) response after endotoxin stimulation and the clinical outcome of severely injured patients. ⋯ The endotoxin hyporesponse associated with NF-κB and Nrf2 signal alternations in PBMCs of injured patients develops early after injury. The hyporesponse of PBMCs with a lower TNF-α level correlates with a lower NF-κB signal and is associated with critical injury, whereas a depressed Nrf2 expression in PBMCs is associated with later organ failure in trauma patients.