Resuscitation
-
Comparative Study
Predicting outcome after severe traumatic brain injury using the serum S100B biomarker: results using a single (24h) time-point.
In recent years, biochemical markers have been employed to predict the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In mild TBI, S100B has shown the most promise as a marker of outcome. The objective of this study in patients with severe TBI was to: show the range of serum S100B levels during the acute phase after trauma: determine if S100B has potential to discriminate favourable from unfavourable outcome in patients with similar brain injury severity scores and to establish an S100B 'cut-off' predictive for death. ⋯ In 100 patients studied with similar brain injury severity scores, serum S100B measured at the 24-h time-point after injury is significantly associated with outcome but a cut-off 0.53microgL(-1) does not have good prognostic performance.
-
To describe the current evidence on the frequency and nature of cognitive impairments in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. ⋯ There are few good studies on the frequency of cognitive impairments after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, cognitive problems, in particular memory problems, seem common in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
-
Comparative Study
Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers.
Prehospital termination of resuscitation rules have been derived for Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedics providing advanced life support care and defibrillation-only Emergency Medical Technicians providing basic life support care. We sought to externally validate each rule on a prospective cohort of prehospital cardiac arrest patients to determine if either rule could be proposed as a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation rule. ⋯ Implementing the basic life support rule as a universal termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule would result in a lower overall transport rate without missing any potential survivors. The universal rule would recommend termination of resuscitation when there was no return of spontaneous circulation prior to transport, no shock was given and the arrest was not witnessed by Emergency Medical Services personnel. This rule may be useful for emergency medical services systems with mixed levels of providers responding to cardiac arrest patients.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Learning on a simulator does transfer to clinical practice.
Cricoid pressure is recommended during positive pressure ventilation CPR and during anaesthesia when there is a risk of regurgitation. Studies suggest that cricoid pressure is frequently applied incorrectly placing patients at risk of regurgitation. Simulation training has been shown to improve the performance of cricoid pressure on a simulator, but whether simulation training improves the clinical performance of cricoid pressure was unknown. The aim of our study was to determine if simulator training improved the clinical performance of cricoid pressure. ⋯ Simulation training with force feedback significantly improved the performance of cricoid pressure in the clinical setting. Simulation training should be used more frequently to train and maintain resuscitation skills.
-
Drowning associated with hypothermia and cardiopulmonary resuscitation has a very poor prognosis. We report two such cases, where impossible oxygenation due to severe pulmonary oedema was treated with extracorporeal membrane-oxygenation (ECMO). Following cardiac arrest, mild therapeutic hypothermia for 24h was maintained as recommended, but subsequent rewarming precipitated additional pulmonary oedema. ⋯ Both patients survived with no neurological sequelae. We speculate that prolonged hypothermia was not only neuroprotective, but also minimized reperfusion injury including pulmonary oedema. Extension of hypothermia for several days seems safe and feasible in selected cases.