Resuscitation
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Recent work has demonstrated low rates of layperson CPR training across the US. In an attempt to increase rates, some states passed legislation that requires CPR training before high school graduation. We hypothesized laypeople in states with required training would exhibit a greater likelihood of being currently trained in CPR when compared with laypeople in states without required CPR training. ⋯ Individuals were more likely to be currently trained in CPR in states with mandatory CPR training for high school graduation, suggesting a need for additional research on this public policy.
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The incidence of cardiac arrest (CA) in nursing homes is rising. Our objective was to compare nursing home CAs with at-home CAs in patients aged 65 and over with regard to the CAs' characteristics, the use and characteristics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the outcome. ⋯ Nursing home residents who experience a CA are less likely to receive CPR from a MICU. If CPR is performed, however, the residents' prognosis is no worse than that of patients treated at home.
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Comparative Study
Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of haemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest.
Closed chest compressions (CCC) are recommended for medical cardiac arrest, but there is little evidence to support their inclusion for traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). This laboratory study evaluated CCC following haemorrhage-induced TCA and whether resuscitation with blood improved survival compared to saline. The study was conducted with the authority of UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (received institutional ethical approval and a Home Office Licence) using 39 terminally anesthetised, instrumented, juvenile Large White pigs. ⋯ Some significant differences were present at the end of the Resuscitation Phase for Group 4 versus Group 2 but these differences were no longer present by Study End. CCC were associated with increased mortality and compromised haemodynamics compared to intravenous fluid resuscitation. Whole blood resuscitation was better than saline.
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Nasopharygeal airways are used in urgent situations to alleviate airway obstruction. Guidelines for measuring the length of the NPA differ between national and international guidelines, and the evidence base for these measurements is lacking. The purpose of this study was to measure the nares-epiglottis and nares-vocal cord distances in young children (neonates to 12 years) on 3D reconstructed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain volume scans, and to examine the relationship of these distances with the nares-tragus and nares-mandible distances. ⋯ In conclusion, the length of a nasopharyngeal airway in children under the age of twelve years can be predicted using the nares-tragus external anatomical distance minus 10 mm.
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Public access of automated external defibrillator (AED) is an important public health strategy for improving survival of cardiac arrest. Major metropolitan cities in China are increasingly investing and implementing public access defibrillator programs, but the effectiveness of these programs remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the public accessibility of AED in Shanghai, a major metropolitan city in China. ⋯ Public placement and accessibility of AEDs, related public signs and information on AED, and staff's awareness about AED were not optimal in Shanghai. Continuing efforts should be made to improve public accessibility and public awareness, knowledge, and user skills of AED.