Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
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We have recently demonstrated that pathological changes leading to increased bone resorption by osteoclast activation are related to the induction of pain-like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In addition, bisphosphonate and the antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), an acid-sensing nociceptor, improved the threshold value of pain-like behaviors accompanying an improvement in the acidic environment in the bone tissue based on osteoclast inactivation. ⋯ This inhibitor and antagonists were found to improve the threshold value of pain-like behavior in OVX mice. These results indicated that the skeletal pain accompanying osteoporosis is possibly associated with the acidic microenvironment and increased ATP level caused by osteoclast activation under a high bone turnover state.
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood returns to tissues following a period of ischemia. Reintroduction of blood flow results in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species that damage cells. Skeletal muscle IRI is commonly seen in orthopedic trauma patients. ⋯ Moreover, the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) -2 and -4, IL-6, OAS-1A, and CXCL1 was also significantly up-regulated following IRI. Treatment with the potent anti-oxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) significantly suppressed NTT-MMP-2, but not FL-MMP-2 expression and improved muscle viability following IRI. This data suggests that NTT-MMP-2, but not FL-MMP-2, is the major isoform of MMP-2 involved in skeletal muscle IRI.
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Femoral neck fractures in the elderly are a common problem in orthopedics. Augmentation of screw fixation with bone cement can provide better stability of implants and lower the risk of secondary displacement. This study aimed to investigate whether cement augmentation of three cannulated screws in non-displaced femoral neck fractures could increase implant fixation. ⋯ At 8,500 load-cycles (early onset failure) the augmented group demonstrated a change in screw angle of 2.85° (± 0.84) compared to 1.15° (± 0.93) in the non-augmented group (p = 0.013). The results showed no biomechanical advantage with respect to secondary displacement following augmentation of three cannulated screws in a non-displaced femoral neck fracture. Consequently, the indication for cement augmentation to enhance implant anchorage in osteoporotic bone has to be considered carefully taking into account fracture type, implant selection and biomechanical surrounding.
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Biography Historical Article
In memoriam: Cyril B. Frank, MD (1949-2015).
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Biography Historical Article
In memoriam: Victor M. Goldberg, MD (1939-2015).