Upsala journal of medical sciences
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Background: Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is ideally measured in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TAG). In the fasting state, the majority of plasma TAG typically represents VLDL-TAG; however, the merits of measuring DNL in total plasma TAG have not been assessed. This study aimed to assess the performance of DNL measured in VLDL-TAG (DNLVLDL-TAG) compared to that measured in total plasma TAG (DNLPlasma-TAG). ⋯ Repeatability was acceptable (i.e. not different) at the group level, but the majority of subjects had an intra-individual variability over 25%. Conclusion: DNL in total plasma TAG performed similarly to DNL in VLDL-TAG at the group level, but there was large variability at the individual level. We suggest that plasma TAG could be useful for comparing DNL between groups.
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Introduction: The variant NEGR1 rs2815752 has recently been linked with obesity in Caucasians. However, a very limited number of studies have examined the association of the NEGR1 rs2815752 with overweight/obesity in non-Caucasians with no such study ever performed in Pakistani population. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to seek the association of the rs2815752 with overweight, obesity, and related traits in Pakistanis. ⋯ Results: The study revealed significant gender-specific association of the rs2815752 with obesity (OR 3.03; CI 1.19-7.72, p = 0.020) and some obesity-related anomalous anthropometric traits (weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal and supra-iliac skinfold thicknesses) in females according to dominant model (h = 0.023). However, no association of the rs2815752 with obesity-related behavioral and metabolic parameters was observed. Conclusion: The NEGR1 rs2815752 may be associated with obese phenotype and some of the related anthropometric traits in Pakistani females.
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This report is an ethical analysis based on both facts and values. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), there is an intricate interaction between rapid scientific development and changing societal values. In most countries, the ethical discussion is no longer on whether or not IVF in itself is ethically justifiable. ⋯ Despite secularization, since religion still plays an important role in regulation and practices of IVF in many countries, positions on IVF among the world religions are summarized. Decision-making concerning IVF cannot be based only on clinical and economic considerations; these cannot be disentangled from ethical principles. Many concerns regarding the costs, effects, and safety of IVF subtly transcend into more complex questions about what it means to society to bear and give birth to children.
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In this review the advantages of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger are discussed beyond those immediately associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) prevention. The GnRHa trigger concept has sparked the development of novel protocols, enriching the assisted reproductive technology (ART) armamentarium for the benefit of present and future patients. Thus, GnRHa trigger already has a pivotal role, not only for the standard in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patient, but also for patient groups like oocyte donors, cancer patients, patients with poor ovarian reserve, and patients with immature oocyte syndrome and empty follicle syndrome. Herein, we discuss the importance of the GnRHa-elicited midcycle FSH surge and the potential improvement in oocyte yield and embryo competence.
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The introduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger greatly impacted modern IVF treatment. Patients at low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) development, undergoing fresh embryo transfer and GnRHa trigger can be offered a virtually OHSS-free treatment with non-inferior reproductive outcomes by using a modified luteal phase support in terms of small boluses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), daily recombinant luteinizing hormone LH (rLH) or GnRHa. In the OHSS risk patient, GnRHa trigger can safely be performed, followed by a 'freeze-all' policy with a minimal risk of OHSS development and high live birth rates in the subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle. ⋯ GnRHa trigger allows high-dose gonadotropin stimulation to achieve the optimal number of oocytes and embryos needed to ensure the highest chance of live birth. This review thoroughly discusses how the GnRHa trigger concept adds safety and efficacy to modern IVF in terms of OHSS prevention. Furthermore, the optimal luteal phase management after GnRHa trigger in fresh embryo transfer cycles is discussed.