Upsala journal of medical sciences
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Minimizing atelectasis formation during general anaesthesia-oxygen washout is a non-essential supplement to PEEP.
Following preoxygenation and induction of anaesthesia, most patients develop atelectasis. We hypothesized that an immediate restoration to a low oxygen level in the alveoli would prevent atelectasis formation and improve oxygenation during the ensuing anaesthesia. ⋯ Although the oxygen washout restored a low pulmonary oxygen level within minutes, it did not further reduce atelectasis size. Both study groups had small atelectasis and good oxygenation. These results suggest that a moderate PEEP alone is sufficient to minimize atelectasis and maintain oxygenation in healthy patients.
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Observational Study
Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation does not affect obstructive sleep apnea.
Sleep apnea is common in patients with atrial fibrillation, but the effect of the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm on central and obstructive apneas is mainly unknown. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the association between cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and sleep apneas, to investigate whether obstructive or central sleep apneas are reduced following cardioversion. A secondary objective was to study the effect on sleep quality. ⋯ Trial number NCT00429884.
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Dental caries (DC) are more prevalent in individuals with diabetes than in healthy individuals. However, the association between glycaemic control and DC has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We therefore assessed the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) serum concentrations and the prevalence of DC in patients with T2DM. ⋯ DT and MNI were associated with HbA1c in T2DM patients.
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Wood pellets are used as a source of renewable energy for heating purposes. Common exposures are wood dust and monoterpenes, which are known to be hazardous for the airways. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of occupational exposure on respiratory health in wood pellet workers. ⋯ In this study of wood pellet workers, high levels of wood dust were observed, and that may have influenced the airways negatively as the study group reported upper airway symptoms and dry cough more frequently than expected. The wood pellet workers had both a lower VC and FEV1 than expected. No cross-shift changes were found.
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A prerequisite for an effective innate immunity is the migrative ability of neutrophils to respond to inflammatory and infectious agents such as the intermediate interleukin (IL)-8 and the end-target formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) chemoattractants. The aim was to study the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils from newborn infants and adults in response to IL-8 and the bacterial peptide fMLP. ⋯ Chemotaxis of neutrophils from newborn infants was as co-ordinated as neutrophils from adults in response to fMLP, whereas the response to IL-8 was reduced. The differential response of neutrophils from neonates to intermediate and end-target chemoattractants could indicate a reduced infectious response.