Upsala journal of medical sciences
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Diabetic kidney disease is a major contributor to end stage renal disease. A change in kidney oxygen homeostasis leading to decreased tissue oxygen tension is an important factor initiating alterations in kidney function in diabetes. However, the mechanism contributing to changed oxygen homeostasis is still unclear. Hyperglycemia-induced production of reactive oxygen species and an altered response to them have previously been demonstrated. In the present study, chronic treatment with DL-sulforaphane to induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, a master transcriptional regulator binding to antioxidant response elements inducing increased protection against reactive oxygen species, is studied. ⋯ DL-sulforaphane treatment affects renal hemodynamics, improving cortical oxygen tension but not mitochondrial efficiency.
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Nitrous oxide, commonly known as 'laughing gas', has become a popular recreational drug. Whippets, small canisters containing gas in pressurized form, can be easily obtained from a food store. ⋯ Inhalation of nitrous oxide rarely causes pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium. This case study highlights the potential dangers of recreational abuse of nitrous oxide.
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Review Meta Analysis
Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Social anxiety is common and can have far-reaching implications for affected individuals, both on social life and working performance. Usage of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has gained traction. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of stand-alone VRET on social anxiety symptoms. ⋯ Stand-alone VRET may reduce social anxiety symptoms. However, despite promising results, there is still uncertainty as the effect estimate is based on few studies with few participants each and a high risk of bias.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
No effects on heart rate variability in depression after treatment with dorsomedial prefrontal intermittent theta burst stimulation.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of a depressive episode with intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) had any effects on heart rate variability (HRV). We also investigated if changes in HRV covaried with symptom change after iTBS and if HRV could predict symptom change. ⋯ Treatment for depression with dorsomedial iTBS had neither negative nor positive effects on the cardiac autonomic nervous system.
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Multicenter Study
Vitamin D status in longstanding type 1 diabetes and controls. Association with upper extremity impairments.
Patients with type 1 diabetes have a high prevalence of upper extremity impairments (UEIs), such as frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel syndrome, and trigger finger. The UEIs are strongly associated with activity limitations and impaired quality of life. The etiology of the UEI is not clear. Vitamin D deficiency has been considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and in the development of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes. ⋯ In patients with type 1 diabetes and a duration of 20 years or more, vitamin D level is not lower than in nondiabetic controls and is not associated with UEIs.