Pharmaceutical research
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Pharmaceutical research · Jan 2018
Effects of Moisture-Induced Crystallization on the Aerosol Performance of Spray Dried Amorphous Ciprofloxacin Powder Formulations.
This study aims to investigate the influence of different storage humidity conditions on crystallization and aerosol performance of inhalable spray dried amorphous powder formulations (Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as the model drug). ⋯ This study provides a fundamental understanding in moisture-induced physical and aerosol instability of the spray dried powder formulations.
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Pharmaceutical research · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Erenumab (AMG 334) and Capsaicin-Induced Dermal Blood Flow in Healthy and Migraine Subjects.
Capsaicin-induced dermal blood flow (CIDBF) is a validated biomarker used to evaluate the target engagement of potential calcitonin gene-related peptide-blocking therapeutics for migraine. To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and quantify the inhibitory effects of erenumab (AMG 334) on CIDBF, CIDBF data were pooled from a single- and a multiple-dose study in healthy and migraine subjects. ⋯ Our results show that erenumab pharmacokinetics was best characterized by a TMDD model and resulted in potent inhibition of CIDBF.
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Pharmaceutical research · Feb 2017
Bromelain-Functionalized Multiple-Wall Lipid-Core Nanocapsules: Formulation, Chemical Structure and Antiproliferative Effect Against Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7).
This study was conducted a promising approach to surface functionalization developed for lipid-core nanocapsules and the merit to pursue new strategies to treat solid tumors. ⋯ The surface functionalization approach produced an innovative formulation having a much higher anti-proliferative effect than the bromelain solution, even though both in vitro proteolytic activity were similar, opening up a great opportunity for further studies in nanomedicine.
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Developmental and physiological changes in children contribute to variation in drug disposition with age. Additionally, critically ill children suffer from various life-threatening conditions that can lead to pathophysiological alterations that further affect pharmacokinetics (PK). Some factors that can alter PK in this patient population include variability in tissue distribution caused by protein binding changes and fluid shifts, altered drug elimination due to organ dysfunction, and use of medical interventions that can affect drug disposition (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy). ⋯ As a result, drug dosing in critically ill children is often based on extrapolations from adults or non-critically ill children. Dedicated clinical studies in critically ill children are urgently needed to identify optimal dosing of drugs in this vulnerable population. This review will summarize the effect of critical illness on pediatric PK, the challenges associated with performing studies in this vulnerable subpopulation, and the clinical PK studies performed to date for commonly used drugs.
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Pharmaceutical research · Dec 2016
Vinorelbine Delivery and Efficacy in the MDA-MB-231BR Preclinical Model of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer.
To evaluate vinorelbine drug exposure and activity in brain metastases of the human MDA-MB-231BR breast cancer model using integrated imaging and analysis. ⋯ Vinorelbine exposure at maximum tolerated dose was less than one-tenth that in systemic metastases in >70% of brain metastases, and was associated with negligible biomarker effect. In small subregions of the highest uptake brain metastases, compromise of blood-tumor barrier appeared complete. The results suggest that restricted delivery accounts for 80% of the compromise in drug efficacy for vinorelbine against this model.