Vaccine
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Increasing incidence of pertussis in adolescents and adults has stimulated the development of safe and immunogenic acellular pertussis vaccines for booster vaccination of adolescents and adults. ⋯ The monocomponent acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) in the TdaP vaccine was immunogenic in adults with 92.0% of TdaP vaccinated subjects obtaining an anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) antibody booster response. TdaP was non-inferior to Td in eliciting seroprotective anti-tetanus and diphtheria antibody concentrations with more than 98% of subjects obtaining post-vaccination seroprotective concentrations (≥ 0.1 IU/mL). T and d booster response rates were 93.0% and 97.5%, respectively. The frequencies of solicited local adverse reactions were low and comparable between TdaP and Td vaccinees. In the TdaP group, 30.7% reported pain, 4.2% swelling and 2.0% erythema at the injection site. The most frequent solicited general symptoms were headache (20.4%), fatigue (17.0%) and myalgia (10.0%). In the Td group, 35.7% reported pain, 2.5% swelling and 3.2% erythema at the injection site, whereas headache, fatigue and myalgia were reported by 15.7%, 14.5% and 12.5%, respectively. In conclusion, TdaP Vaccine SSI was safe and immunogenic when given as a booster vaccination to adults.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Safety and immunogenicity of different two-dose regimens of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (hepatitis B surface antigen co-administered with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide) in healthy young adults.
Previous studies have shown that two doses of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen combined with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide adjuvant (HBV-ISS) given 8 weeks apart provides seroprotection sooner than 3 doses of a licensed hepatitis B vaccine over 24 weeks. A more rapid schedule with a 4-week interval could provide earlier protection and potentially greater compliance. ⋯ A 0-4 weeks, two-dose regimen of HBV-ISS was well-tolerated and induced an antibody response that was similar to a 0-8 weeks schedule.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine among children: a cluster randomized trial in Karachi, Pakistan.
Typhoid fever is endemic in Karachi, with an incidence among children ranging from 170 to 450 per 100,000 child-years. Vaccination strategies are important for prevention, and the Vi capsular polysaccharide (ViCPS) vaccine has been shown to be effective in reducing the burden of typhoid fever. ⋯ The ViCPS vaccine did not confer statistically significant protection to children in the study areas, and there was a decline in antibody response 2 years post-vaccination. However, the ViCPS vaccine showed significant total protection in children 5-16 years of age, which is consistent with other studies of ViCPS vaccine conducted in India, Nepal, China and South Africa. These findings suggest that ViCPS vaccination of school-aged children will protect the children of urban, typhoid endemic areas against typhoid fever.
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The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate in Korea is very low because a school-based HPV vaccination program has not yet been introduced. This study was designed to assess HPV knowledge, compare the health beliefs toward HPV vaccination and intention to recommend HPV vaccination for girls and boys, and identify the factors influencing the intention to recommend HPV vaccination for girls and boys among Korean health teachers. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, in which 757 health teachers who worked at elementary, middle, high, and special schools in Korea participated via an online survey. ⋯ Factors associated with the intention to recommend HPV vaccination for girls were the HPV vaccination status of the health teachers' children [odds ratio (OR)=4.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.14-15.72], and the teachers' Pap-test experience (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.05-5.91), perceived benefits (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.26-7.40), perceived susceptibility (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.58-6.68), and perceived barriers (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.30-0.99); these factors for boys were the health teachers' career duration (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.12-2.32), HPV knowledge (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.01-2.09), perceived benefits (OR=3.46, 95% CI=2.27-5.26), perceived susceptibility (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.29), and perceived severity (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.15-2.56). General awareness of HPV should be increased and more specific information about HPV-including that related to vaccination of boys and men-should be provided for health teachers. Although a school-based HPV vaccine program has yet to be introduced in Korea, health teachers should possess general knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination, and differences in attitudes and intentions related to HPV vaccination between girls and boys should be reduced.