Vaccine
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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (4vHPV) for use in females and males aged 9-26 years, since 2006 and 2009 respectively. We characterized reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a US spontaneous reporting system, in females and males who received 4vHPV vaccination. ⋯ No new or unexpected safety concerns or reporting patterns of 4vHPV with clinically important AEs were detected. Safety profile of 4vHPV is consistent with data from pre-licensure trials and postmarketing safety data.
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Review Meta Analysis Historical Article
New insights into physiopathology of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus infection; systematic review of over 5 decades of data.
Widespread administration of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has decreased global incidence of poliomyelitis by ≈99.9%. However, the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) is threatening polio-eradication program. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients are at higher risks of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and prolonged excretion of immunodeficiency-associated VDPV (iVDPV). ⋯ Inherent features of PIDs contribute to the clinical course of iVDPV infection and virus evolution. This finding could shed further light on poliomyelitis pathogenesis and iVDPV evolution pattern. It also has implications for public health, the polio eradication effort and the development of effective antiviral interventions.
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Despite limitations of glass packaging for vaccines, the industry has been slow to implement alternative formats. Polymer containers may address many of these limitations, such as breakage and delamination. However, the ability of polymer containers to achieve cost of goods sold (COGS) and total cost of delivery (TCOD) competitive with that of glass containers is unclear, especially for cost-sensitive low- and lower-middle-income countries. ⋯ Ten-dose glass vials achieved the lowest TCOD of the parenteral vaccine formats at $1.56 per dose delivered. Of the polymer containers for parenteral vaccines, BFS MMD ampoules achieved the lowest TCOD at $1.89 per dose delivered, whereas preformed CPAD devices remained the most expensive format, at $2.25 per dose delivered. Given their potential to address the limitations of glass and reduce COGS and TCOD, polymer containers deserve further consideration as alternative approaches for vaccine packaging.
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An adjuvanted herpes zoster (HZ) subunit vaccine, HZ/su, demonstrated high efficacy against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in two randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adults aged ≥50 and ≥70 years (ZOE-50 and ZOE-70, respectively). ⋯ HZ/su reduces the risk of HZ-associated complications in older adults (NCT01165177; NCT01165229).
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There is debate regarding the value of vaccinating adults with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). This analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of PCV-13 serotype community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults with co-morbid disease and risk factors for pneumococcal disease in the UK. Consecutive adults hospitalised (2008-2013) with a primary diagnosis of CAP, were recruited. ⋯ Adults aged ≥65 years with one or more clinical risk factors had a significantly lower risk of PCV-13 serotype CAP compared to those aged 16-64 years without clinical risk factors (aOR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41-0.92, p = .018). In a stacked-risk analysis, the presence of incremental clinical risk factors was associated with lower odds of PCV-13 disease (p for trend = .029) Adults with underlying chronic respiratory disease (aOR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.85, p = .007) and chronic kidney disease (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, p = .028) had significantly lower adjusted odds of PCV-13 compared to non-PCV-13 serotype CAP. This analysis suggests that in the UK, the burden of PCV13 disease is greater in adults outside the traditional 'at-risk' groups compared to adults in 'at-risk' groups.