Vaccine
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We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses against vaccine antigens and the new A(H1N1) virus in healthy adults before and after immunization with the 2007/2008 commercially available trivalent subunit MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine during the Fall 2007, prior to the emergence of the new virus. Antibody titers were significantly boosted only against the three vaccine antigens. ⋯ The cross-reactivity of cellular responses might, at least in part, explain the low pathogenicity of the new pandemic virus. The finding of cellular immunity, that can be increased by seasonal vaccination, against the conserved HA peptide, underline the potential use, in human vaccines, of conserved peptides of the stalk region of HA characterized by broad immunogenicity in experimental systems.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Safety and immunogenicity of a modified process hepatitis B vaccine in healthy neonates.
A manufacturing process using a modified adjuvant was developed to optimize the consistency and immunogenicity for recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (control: RECOMBIVAX-HB™). This modified process hepatitis B vaccine (mpHBV), which was previously shown to have an acceptable safety and immunogenicity profile in young adults, has now been studied in newborn infants. ⋯ The safety profile of mpHBV was comparable to that of the control vaccine. The geometric mean antibody titer for mpHBV was higher than control vaccine in this infant population, but the difference did not meet the predefined statistical criterion for superiority.
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Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea worldwide. Vietnam is situated in the region of high rotavirus infection incidence and eligible for financial support to introduce rotavirus vaccines into the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) from the GAVI. This study was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Vietnam, explicitly the use of Rotateq(®) and to assess the affordability of implementing universal rotavirus immunization based on GAVI-subsidized vaccine price in the context of Vietnamese healthcare system for the next 5 years. ⋯ Rotavirus vaccination in Vietnam would be a cost-effective health intervention. Vaccination only becomes affordable if the country receives GAVI's financial support due to the current high market vaccine price. Given the high mortality rate of under-five-year children, the results showed that rotavirus immunization is the "best hope" for prevention of rotavirus-related diarrhoeal disease in Vietnam. In the next five years, Vietnam is definitely in debt to financial support from international organizations in implementing rotavirus immunization. It is recommended that new rotavirus vaccine candidates be developed at cheaper price to speed up the introduction of rotavirus immunization in the developing world in general.
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The outbreak of the 2009 influenza pandemic underscored the important role of swine in influenza virus evolution and the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. Vaccination is the most common practice to control swine influenza in swine industry. Influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines are an alternative approach and have been demonstrated to be immunogenic and confer protection against influenza virus challenge in chickens, mice and ferrets. ⋯ Our data showed that vaccination using VLPs elicited robust levels of serum IgG, mucosal IgA, and viral neutralizing antibodies against A/Sw/Manitoba/MAFRI32/2009 H1N1. Following challenge with pandemic H1N1 2009, vaccinated pigs were protected, displaying reduced lung lesions, virus shedding and inhibition of virus replication in the lungs compared to non-vaccinated control pigs. Thus, VLPs can serve as a promising vaccination strategy to control influenza in swine.