European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Changes in respiratory pattern during induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane: comparison of nasal and the oral breathing.
In order to test the hypothesis that the effects on ventilation of nasal inhalation of sevoflurane during induction of anaesthesia differ from those of oral inhalation, 20 patients underwent inhalation induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane 5% either through the nasal route or the oral route. In 10 patients who breathed through the nose (N-group), there was an immediate decrease in tidal volume with no change in respiratory duration whereas no similar change was observed in the 10 patients who breathed through the mouth (O-group). The time from the start of sevoflurane inhalation to the onset of sleep was significantly shorter in the O-group compared with the N-group [86.2 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- SE) vs. 115.0 +/- 8.4 sec, P < 0.01].
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Attenuation of the oculocardiac reflex after topically applied lignocaine during surgery for strabismus in children.
The effect of topical lignocaine applied to the eye muscles, on the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex during squint surgery of the medial rectus was investigated in 56 healthy children aged between 3-14 years. Three groups were studied. ⋯ Severe bradycardiac rhythm disturbances, in particular cardiac stand-still, were not observed after lignocaine had been applied. Systemic side effects of lignocaine were not seen.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Onset time of topical analgesia with EMLA 5%: no reduction with glyceryl trinitrate.
Many adults are distressed by painful investigations or treatment, including venepuncture. The early effects of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics (EMLA) 5%, on relief of pinprick pain in the antecubital area was investigated and compared with EMLA plus glyceryl trinitrate and with a placebo cream in 100 patients. Topical analgesia after application of EMLA developed within 5 min in 69% and within 10 min in 83% of those tested, significantly different from placebo, (P = 0.01).
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Comparative Study
Five oxygen-nitrous oxide proportioning systems compared.
The majority of contemporary gas delivery modules, on anaesthetic workstations, are equipped with oxygen-nitrous oxide proportioning systems which should prevent the delivery of hypoxic gas mixtures. We investigated five modules, of two different types, using fresh gas flows ranging from 50 mL min-1 to 20 L min-1 with minimally acceptable proportions of oxygen and maximally acceptable proportions of nitrous oxide set at the flow control valves. ⋯ All systems showed increased O2 concentrations at fresh gas flows below 1 L min-1. The systems can be used with low flow anaesthesia techniques with one exception (Dameca) also with minimal flow techniques.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of mivacurium infusion requirements between young and elderly adult patients.
Forty-one patients of ASA classes I or II, undergoing elective surgery, were divided into two groups: young, 18-41 years (mean 31), and elderly, 64-79 years (mean 71). The integrated evoked compound electromyogram of the adductor pollicis muscle elicited by stimulation of the ulnar nerve was used to monitor the neuromuscular block of the non-depolarizing muscle relaxant mivacurium. An initial dose of mivacurium 0.15 mg kg-1 allowed six excellent, nine good, three adequate and three poor intubations in the young group, and nine excellent, eight good, three adequate and no poor intubations in the elderly group. ⋯ The elderly group's requirements decreased from the start, to 78.5% (0.39 mg kg-1 h-1). The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). After the first 30 min, both groups requirements decreased, with time, but with no statistically significant differences.