European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of nitrous oxide on middle ear pressure: a comparison between inhalational anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and TIVA.
We have investigated the effect of nitrous oxide on the middle ear pressure, comparing inhalational anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane and total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol-alfentanil. Fifty patients with normal healthy ears were divided into two groups. In one group (n = 25), anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 6 mg kg-1, and maintained with halothane 1% and nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen. ⋯ A progressive rise was observed (P < 0.05) in the first group, whereas values were within the normal limits clinically and there was no statistically significant change in those receiving total intravenous anaesthesia during the intra-anaesthetic period. The time to reach peak pressure with inhalational anaesthesia was 60 min (181.5 mmH2O) and to return to normal was 30 min (49.5 mmH2O) after cessation of nitrous oxide administration. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was less in the patients not receiving nitrous oxide.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Changes in respiratory pattern during induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane: comparison of nasal and the oral breathing.
In order to test the hypothesis that the effects on ventilation of nasal inhalation of sevoflurane during induction of anaesthesia differ from those of oral inhalation, 20 patients underwent inhalation induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane 5% either through the nasal route or the oral route. In 10 patients who breathed through the nose (N-group), there was an immediate decrease in tidal volume with no change in respiratory duration whereas no similar change was observed in the 10 patients who breathed through the mouth (O-group). The time from the start of sevoflurane inhalation to the onset of sleep was significantly shorter in the O-group compared with the N-group [86.2 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- SE) vs. 115.0 +/- 8.4 sec, P < 0.01].
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Attenuation of the oculocardiac reflex after topically applied lignocaine during surgery for strabismus in children.
The effect of topical lignocaine applied to the eye muscles, on the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex during squint surgery of the medial rectus was investigated in 56 healthy children aged between 3-14 years. Three groups were studied. ⋯ Severe bradycardiac rhythm disturbances, in particular cardiac stand-still, were not observed after lignocaine had been applied. Systemic side effects of lignocaine were not seen.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Onset time of topical analgesia with EMLA 5%: no reduction with glyceryl trinitrate.
Many adults are distressed by painful investigations or treatment, including venepuncture. The early effects of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics (EMLA) 5%, on relief of pinprick pain in the antecubital area was investigated and compared with EMLA plus glyceryl trinitrate and with a placebo cream in 100 patients. Topical analgesia after application of EMLA developed within 5 min in 69% and within 10 min in 83% of those tested, significantly different from placebo, (P = 0.01).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison between ketorolac and diclofenac in laparoscopic sterilization.
We compared ketorolac and diclofenac for the prevention and treatment of post-operative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. Fifty ASA I or II women were allocated randomly to receive either diclofenac 75 mg or ketorolac 30 mg intramuscularly 30-90 min before general anaesthesia. Pain scores were assessed half-hourly in the recovery room and then at 2 h and 4 h in the ward. ⋯ Pain at the injection site was more common after diclofenac than ketorolac (12 vs. 3, P < 0.05). In conclusion, both intramuscular diclofenac and ketorolac were relatively ineffective in controlling the pain after laparoscopic sterilization. The drugs were equally well tolerated, but more patients complained of pain at the injection site after diclofenac.