European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the analgesic requirements for children undergoing hypospadius surgery.
The present study was designed to assess whether an intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine would decrease the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements for paediatric patients undergoing hypospadius surgery. ⋯ Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine intraoperatively during hypospadius repair in children reduces intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements and lowers heart rate and blood pressure.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Dexamethasone with bupivacaine increases duration of analgesia in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus blockade.
Dexamethasone has been shown to prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia when given as an adjunct for peripheral nerve blocks. However, it has not been evaluated when given in conjunction with bupivacaine and clonidine to provide blockade of the brachial plexus at the interscalene level. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the addition of dexamethasone to interscalene brachial plexus block would prolong the duration of sensory analgesia in a group of patients undergoing outpatient shoulder arthroscopy. ⋯ The addition of dexamethasone to a bupivacaine-epinephrine-clonidine interscalene block prolongs sensory block and reduces opioid use.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for greater palatine nerve block prolongs postoperative analgesia after cleft palate repair.
The effect of dexmedetomidine on the duration of sensory blockade has not been studied in humans. We evaluated the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine on the duration of postoperative analgesia in children who underwent repair of a cleft palate. ⋯ Greater palatine nerve block with a combination of dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine increased the duration of analgesia after repair of a cleft palate by 50% with no clinically relevant side effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Ultrasound-guided external jugular vein cannulation for central venous access by inexperienced trainees.
The insertion of central venous catheters via the external jugular vein (EJV) is not always practical because of the relatively frequent failure rate; thus, the internal jugular approach is generally used. Data from the literature suggest that ultrasound-guided catheterization of the internal jugular vein is superior to the surface anatomy landmark technique and, therefore, should be the method of choice. We evaluated the value of ultrasound guidance in the learning process of central venous cannulation via EJV by similarly inexperienced trainees. ⋯ Our results demonstrate no significant differences between the conventional surface anatomy landmark technique and the ultrasound-guided technique for the insertion of a central venous catheter via EJV by inexperienced trainees.