European journal of anaesthesiology
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Letter Clinical Trial
Sub-anaesthestic doses of ketamine impair cardiac parasympathetic regulation.
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We have investigated the concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme activity to explore the role of these mediators in the neuroendocrine response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. ⋯ Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and vasopressin concentrations increased slightly in response to laryngoscopy and intubation, all returning to or below baseline 5 min later with no change in angiotensin converting enzyme activity in normotensive patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Haemodynamic changes induced by hyperbaric bupivacaine during lateral decubitus or supine spinal anaesthesia.
Hypotension, the commonest side-effect of spinal anaesthesia, results from sympathetic denervation. This study compared patient positioning (supine vs. decubitus) on haemodynamic variables during spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Lateral positioning for spinal anaesthesia delays the onset of hypotension, while requiring smaller total doses of vasoconstrictors for blood pressure maintenance.