European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Postoperative pain management with intravenous patient-controlled morphine: comparison of the effect of adding magnesium or ketamine.
This double-blind randomized study tested whether the addition of magnesium or ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia resulted in improved analgesic efficacy and lower pain scores compared with morphine patient-controlled analgesia alone after major abdominal surgery. ⋯ In the immediate postoperative period, the addition of magnesium or ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia led to a significantly lower consumption of morphine. However, these differences are unlikely to be of any clinical relevance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Testing and modelling the interaction of alfentanil and propofol on the EEG.
For total intravenous anaesthesia an opioid is often combined with a hypnotic. A supra-additive interaction has been reported for clinical signs such as loss of consciousness or loss of the eyelash reflex. This study investigated the type of interaction of alfentanil and propofol on the electroencephalogram. ⋯ The type of interaction between alfentanil and propofol on the electroencephalogram in the investigated dose range is additive. This gives the freedom and need to select the appropriate dosing ratio of alfentanil and propofol by other considerations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of bispectral index monitoring on sevoflurane consumption.
The bispectral index, a parameter derived from the electroencephalograph, has been shown to correlate with the loss of consciousness and sedation. This study was designed to assess the effects of bispectral index monitoring on sevoflurane and its recovery profiles. ⋯ Bispectral index monitoring during anaesthesia provides only a small advantage related to the need to monitor the depth of anaesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of sevoflurane on the ex vivo secretion of TNF-alpha during and after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Sevoflurane has been used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during cardiac surgery owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects. It has been suggested that it offers protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. ⋯ Sevoflurane reduces production of TNF-alpha more than total intravenous anaesthesia with midazolam-sufentanil during cardiac surgery. This may reduce cardiac morbidity and the length of stay in the intensive care unit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Changes in gas concentrations in the Brandt endotracheal tube cuff during and after anaesthesia with nitrous oxide.
The mechanism underlying stable cuff pressure in the Brandt rediffusion endotracheal tube during anaesthesia with nitrous oxide is not fully understood. The present study assessed changes in gas concentrations in the cuff during and after nitrous oxide anaesthesia. ⋯ Small changes in the nitrous oxide concentration in the cuff contribute to a stable cuff pressure in the Brandt rediffusion system, but changes in carbon dioxide or oxygen concentrations have little effect.