European journal of anaesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Iontophoretically applied lidocaine and the prevention of pain associated with the injection of intravenous propofol: a comparison with intravenous lidocaine.
Pain following the injection of propofol is a common problem. It is often treated by the coadministration of intravenous lidocaine. Iontophoresis, which facilitates the delivery of charged molecules such as lidocaine to body tissues, may be a practical alternative to lessen the pain. ⋯ The iontophoretic administration of lidocaine 60 mg does not compare favourably with lidocaine 40 mg mixed with propofol for the reduction of pain on administration of propofol.
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Pharmacokinetics of propofol in rats have usually been described using linear models. Furthermore, there are only a few investigations for a pharmacodynamic model of the electroencephalographic effects of propofol in rats. We investigated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in rats with special regard to linearity in pharmacokinetics and development of tolerance. ⋯ For the applied infusion scheme, propofol pharmacokinetics in rats were nonlinear and a development of tolerance to the electroencephalographic effect of propofol was observed during an infusion time of 90 min.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Intraoperative fetal oxygen saturation during Caesarean section: general anaesthesia using sevoflurane with either 100% oxygen or 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen.
The study was designed to evaluate whether the administration of sevoflurane in 100% oxygen for anaesthesia during Caesarean section would improve fetal and neonatal oxygenation compared with the administration of sevoflurane with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. ⋯ Maternal hyperoxygenation significantly improves fetal as well as neonatal oxygenation.
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The efficiency of operating room times can be significantly improved using rapid changes between operative procedures. We performed a retrospective analysis using electronic anaesthesia charts that compared anaesthesia-related times between the three most frequently performed types of anaesthesia (for orthopaedic surgery) to evaluate the potential for a quicker turn-around between cases. ⋯ The use of a regional anaesthesia technique or one involving intravenous anaesthesia in combination with the laryngeal mask airway may lead to a reduction in discharge time compared with a balanced anaesthesia technique with endotracheal intubation. Thus, improved use of resources may be achieved.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Postoperative residual curarization with cisatracurium and rocuronium infusions.
Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade still often relies on clinical judgement. Moreover, there are substantial national differences in the use of agents to 'reverse' their effects. We investigated the recovery characteristics and incidence of postoperative residual curarization after cisatracurium and rocuronium infusions for long duration interventions without systematic antagonism. ⋯ Patients receiving a cisatracurium or rocuronium infusion have a high incidence of postoperative residual curarization when the block is not antagonized. When 'reversal' is not attempted, cisatracurium seems to be safer than rocuronium.