European journal of anaesthesiology
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Cardiac and major abdominal surgery are associated with granulocytosis in peripheral blood. The purpose of the present study was to describe the granulocyte and monocyte oxidative burst and the expression of adhesion molecules following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and abdominal surgery. The ability to respond with an oxidative burst was measured by means of flow cytometry using 123-dihydrorhodamine. ⋯ Several hours after surgery, there was no significant difference between the two groups. These results can be explained by a granulocyte and monocyte refractory response developing subsequent to an increased per-operative oxidative burst activity, and the induction of adhesion molecules on granulocytes associated with the cardiopulmonary bypass and surgery. In conclusion, open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with a rapid and pronounced activation of leukocytes which may play a role in reperfusion injury.
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A 17-nation survey was undertaken with the aim of studying the availability of acute pain services (APS) and the use of newer analgesic techniques, such as epidural and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). A questionnaire was mailed to selected anaesthesiologists in 105 European hospitals from 17 countries. Depending on the population, between five and ten representative hospitals from each country were selected by a country coordinator. ⋯ This survey of 105 hospitals from 17 European countries showed that over 50% of anaesthesiologists were dissatisfied with post-operative pain management on surgical wards. Only 34% of hospitals had an organized APS, and very few hospitals used quality assurance measures such as frequent pain assessment and documentation. There is a need to establish organized APS in most hospitals and also a need for clearer definition of the role of anaesthesiologists in such APS.
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A telephone audit was carried out on patients 24 hours after day case surgery. An initial audit shortly after the day case opened indicated pain scores and nausea that were considered unacceptable. ⋯ Only one patient in 111 (0.9%) called their GP out, but nausea scores remained unchanged. Methods to reduce this index are suggested.
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Checking the anaesthetic machine before its daily use is essential. The aim of our study was to evaluate, through the use of an anonymous questionnaire, how the anaesthetists of our institution (physicians and nurses) report their daily checking. Sixty-three questions were used to ask the participants how frequently they checked the main components of the anaesthetic machine; the answers were evaluated with a score (0-3). ⋯ Nurses obtained a higher global score, which raises the question of different adherence to guidelines by nurses and physicians. Moreover, questions in relation to gas supply were badly scored by all participants, which should alert us to reinforce theoretical and practical training in these items. Finally, although the methodology used in this survey could raise the question of the best way to evaluate the actual checkout procedure, self-reported assessment remains an alternative to more complex and expensive methods, such as an observer or a video evaluation.
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A randomized crossover study was designed using the chronically instrumented pregnant sheep preparation to study the possible effects of epidural injection of adrenaline as a single compound on the circulation of mother and fetus. Three consecutive identical doses of adrenaline were administered epidurally with a 30 min interval between treatments. In a randomized crossover fashion two dosages (10 and 15 micrograms) were tested on different days. ⋯ After i.v. administration of adrenaline the uterine blood flow decreased in a dose-dependent fashion, but the other haemodynamic variables were not affected. In conclusion, this study indicates that consecutive epidural injections of adrenaline have no significant effect on maternal and fetal haemodynamic responses, uterine blood flow, blood gases and acid-base status in the gravid ewe. However, an i.v. injection of 10 or 15 micrograms adrenaline decreases the uterine blood flow and could compromise the fetus.