Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
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Multicenter Study
HLA class II gene associations in African American type 1 diabetes reveal a protective HLA-DRB1*03 haplotype.
Owing to strong linkage disequilibrium between markers, pinpointing disease associations within genetic regions is difficult in European ancestral populations, most notably the very strong association of the HLA-DRB1*03-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 haplotype with Type 1 diabetes risk, which is assumed to be because of a combination of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1. In contrast, populations of African ancestry have greater haplotype diversity, offering the possibility of narrowing down regions and strengthening support for a particular gene in a region being causal. We aimed to study the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region in African American Type 1 diabetes. ⋯ The unique diversity of the African HLA region we have uncovered supports a specific and major role for HLA-DRB1 in HLA-DRB1*03 haplotype-associated Type 1 diabetes risk.
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Dietary modifications may play an important role in the prevention of diabetes. We aimed to assess the temporal association between diet quality and both impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes among older adults. ⋯ Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (better diet quality) was associated with a reduced risk of pre-diabetes in men, but not women.
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Comparative Study
The impact of hypoglycaemia on patients admitted to hospital with medical emergencies.
To quantify the frequency of biochemical hypoglycaemia in acutely unwell patients in the medical assessment unit and relate this to their subsequent outcomes. ⋯ Hypoglycaemia is associated with an increased length of stay in hospital and an increased in-hospital mortality rate. Hypoglycaemia may have contributed to the poorer outcome, but would also appear to be a marker of disease severity in unwell patients, especially patients with sepsis.