Chronobiology international
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In aquaculture, it is necessary to determine of the diurnal biological variations in the intestines to determine an appropriate feeding schedule. The present study aimed to examine the transcriptomes of the Pelteobagrus vachellii intestines at four time points (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 18 h) within a light/dark cycle. In comparison with the zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0) transcriptomes, we identified 37,842 unigenes with significant differential expression, including 6,638; 9,626; and 7,938 that genes upregulated, and 3,507; 4,703; and 5,412 genes that were down regulated at 4, 12, and 24 h respectively. ⋯ Moreover, DEGs involved of circadian rhythm were identified, including brain-muscle-Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), cryptochrome-1, circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) and period circadian protein homolog 1-3. Finally, the expression levels of 12 unigenes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, which were in accordance with RNA-sequencing analysis. In general, the expression of genes related to the digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates showed upregulated expression at night; however, the peak time of expression of transporters for different nutrition molecules showed more diversification within the light/dark cycle.
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Shift work has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI), metabolic disruption and increased chronic disease risk. Typically, these reports compare individuals who work the day shift to those who work the night shift. Because shift assignment is not random, differences may reflect other, unmeasured characteristics that account for outcome differences. ⋯ A significant increase in calorie, macronutrient and calcium intake on days the night shift was worked compared to days the day shift was worked among female nurses who work rotating shifts was demonstrated. These findings could be extended to other professionals who work rotating shifts, including physicians and allied healthcare personnel. It appears that the difference detected may be influenced by the food supplied by the hospital as well as by increased food intake in general.
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Comparative Study
Night work effects on salivary cytokines TNF, IL-1β and IL-6.
Shift work is unavoidable in modern societies, but at the same time disrupts biological rhythms and contributes to social distress and disturbance of sleep, health and well-being of shift workers. Shift work has been associated with some chronic diseases in which a chronic inflammatory condition may play a role. However, few studies investigating the association of cytokine and other inflammation markers with shift workers have been published in recent years. ⋯ Results for salivary IL-6 could be better explained as a consequence of circadian disruption due to permanent night work. Our results suggest that the whole circadian system, including clocks and pineal gland, is involved in regulating cytokine profile in shift workers and that a coordinated production of these cytokines, important for an adequate inflammatory response, could be disturbed by shift work. The distinct effects that shift work may have on different cytokines could give some cues about the mechanisms involved in this association.
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Decline in cognitive functioning in the workplace is a major concern for health care systems. Understanding factors associated with nighttime functioning is imperative for instituting organizational risk management policies and developing personalized countermeasures. The present study aims to identify individual factors associated with cognitive functioning during the night shift of hospital nurses working on irregular rotating-shift schedules. ⋯ All factors remained significant in a mixed-model analysis for DSST. Cognitive performance among hospital nurses is low during the middle of the night shift and increases at the end of the shift; decreased functioning is associated with increased subjective sleepiness, older age and prolonged time awake. Identifying factors contributing to performance during the night shift may provide a basis for the development of risk management policies and preventative interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of night shift on the cognitive load of physicians and urinary steroid hormone profiles - a randomized crossover trial.
Mental and physical stress is common in physicians during night shifts. Neurocognitive effects of sleep deprivation as well as alterations in hormonal and metabolic parameters have previously been described. The aim of this crossover study was to evaluate the effects of night-shift work with partial sleep deprivation on steroid hormone excretion and possible associations with mood, sleep characteristics and cognitive functions in physicians. ⋯ A considerable stimulation of the adrenocortical axis could not be affirmed. In general, dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA) was negatively associated with the sense of recreation after sleep and with the time of reaction and positively correlated with correctly identified items in the FVW test. These results, on the one hand, are in line with previous findings indicating that stress and sleep deprivation suppress gonadal steroids, but, on the other hand, do not imply significant adrenocortical-axis stimulation (e.g. an increase of cortisol) during the day-night shift.