Bone
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Meta Analysis
Osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.
Parkinson's disease (PD) and osteoporosis are common diseases which affect a substantial portion of the elderly population. Accumulating evidence supports that PD patients have a high risk for osteoporosis in recent years. The purpose of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis on the risk of osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) levels in PD patients. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggested that PD patients are at higher risk for osteoporosis and have lower BMD levels than healthy controls overall.
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The cytoskeleton determines cell shape and is involved in cell motility. It also plays a role in differentiation and in modulating specialized cellular functions. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) participates in cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating and inactivating the actin-severing protein, cofilin. ⋯ LIMK1(-/-) osteoclasts also resorbed dentine slices to a greater extent in vitro and were more active in a pit assay. These data support the hypothesis that LIMK1 is required for normal osteoblast differentiation. In addition, its absence leads to increased cytoskeletal remodeling and bone resorption in osteoclasts.
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Testosterone enanthate (TE) administration attenuates bone loss in orchiectomized (ORX) rats. However, testosterone administration may increase risk for prostate/lower urinary tract related adverse events and polycythemia in humans. Trenbolone enanthate (TREN) is a synthetic testosterone analogue that preserves bone mineral density (BMD) and results in less prostate enlargement than testosterone in young ORX rodents. ⋯ In skeletally mature rodents, both high-dose TE and low-dose TREN completely prevented the ORX-induced loss of tBMD at the distal femoral metaphysis and increased LABC mass. TREN also augmented femoral neck strength and maintained prostate mass at SHAM levels. These findings indicate that TREN may be an advantageous agent for future clinical trials evaluating agents capable of preventing bone loss resulting from androgen deficiency.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evidence for safety and efficacy of risedronate in men with osteoporosis over 4 years of treatment: Results from the 2-year, open-label, extension study of a 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in men with osteoporosis demonstrated that treatment with risedronate 35mg once a week significantly decreased bone turnover markers (BTMs) and increased bone mineral density (BMD). This study was extended to include a 2-year, open-label extension to continue to assess the safety and efficacy of risedronate in men with osteoporosis. In the open-label extension, all patients received risedronate 35mg once a week, and 1000mg elemental calcium and 400 to 500IU vitamin D daily for up to 2 years. ⋯ Safety results continued to show that risedronate was well-tolerated in men with osteoporosis. Patients who received risedronate 35mg once a week for 2years in the open-label extension study showed similar safety and efficacy results compared with those who received risedronate treatment in the first 2 double-blind years of the study. Patients who received risedronate for 4 years in total showed similar safety and efficacy to that observed in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with risedronate for 4 years. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier number: NCT00619957).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Mild to moderate cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for mortality and nursing home admission in the first year after hip fracture.
It is not well established if and to what extent mild to moderate cognitive impairment predicts mortality and risk of nursing home admission after hip fracture. ⋯ Mild to moderate cognitive impairment in patients with acute hip fracture is associated with a high risk of mortality and nursing home admission during the first year after hip fracture. Female gender, a greater BMI and a higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D status may protect against mortality after hip fracture independent of cognitive function.