Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
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Editorial Comment
Editorial Commentary: Shoulder Anatomy, Finding the Axillary Nerve: Measure Twice, Cut Once.
Most descriptions of shoulder anatomy note that the axillary nerve lies approximately 5 cm below the anterolateral corner of the acromion, and the nerve has been reported to range from 2 to 7 cm from the acromial edge, depending on the patient and measuring technique. The safe trans-deltoid operable area has been described as up to 4 cm below the acromion. A useful clinical guide I use is that the inferior extent of the subacromial bursa ends above the axillary nerve.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in intra-articular pathology, demographic characteristics, and radiographic characteristics of the knee associated with primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) versus revision ACLR at the time of initial presentation with either a native anterior cruciate ligament tear or an anterior cruciate ligament graft tear. Secondarily, we aimed to investigate risk factors for concomitant medial and lateral meniscal tears and cartilage injuries at the time of ACLR. ⋯ The findings of this study show that patients undergoing a revision ACLR have significantly more chondral lesions, as well as higher-grade chondral lesions, at the time of presentation. Furthermore, coronal malalignment and a decreased tibial slope may contribute to injury patterns of the lateral meniscus and medial compartment cartilage, respectively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective case-control study.
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To (1) assess clinical outcomes of revision multiligament knee injury (MLKI) reconstruction at a minimum of 2 years' follow-up and (2) present a standardized treatment algorithm used in treating revision MLKI patients. ⋯ Level IV, case series.
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To (1) describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of knee chondral injuries identified at the National Football League (NFL) Combine and (2) assess in-game performance of prospective NFL players with previously untreated knee chondral injuries and compare it with matched controls. ⋯ Level III, case-control study.
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To determine return to play (RTP) rates after biceps tenodesis (BT) in professional baseball players. ⋯ Level IV, therapeutic study, a case series.