Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1993
The Australian Incident Monitoring Study. Problems with regional anaesthesia: an analysis of 2000 incident reports.
There were 160 incidents associated with regional anaesthesia amongst the first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study. They were categorised into 6 groups; epidural anaesthesia (83), spinal anaesthesia (42), brachial plexus blocks (14), intravenous local anaesthesia (4), ocular blocks (3), and local infiltration (14). The largest single cause of incidents involved circulatory problems; these occurred in all the groups except brachial plexus block (30 cases of hypotension, 7 of arrhythmias, 3 of cardiac arrest, 2 of hypertension and 1 of myocardial ischaemia). ⋯ With the exception of these, all the remainder involved problems specific to regional anaesthesia: 26 inadvertent dural punctures; 19 failed or inadequate blocks; 14 dural puncture headaches (all cured by blood patches); 10 inadvertent total or high spinal blocks (of which 7 required artificial ventilation); 5 blocks on the wrong side or in the wrong patient; 3 late hypoxic incidents and a variety of miscellaneous problems. Three-quarters of all incidents occurred in the presence of an anaesthetist and over 90% in patients of ASA Groups I-III. Rapid recognition by the anaesthetist prevented many potentially life threatening events, and the only death was as a result of surgical bleeding.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1993
The Australian Incident Monitoring Study. The electrocardiograph: applications and limitations--an analysis of 2000 incident reports.
The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS) were analysed with respect to the role of the electrocardiograph (ECG). Of these, 138 (7%) were first detected by the ECG. Of the 1256 incidents which occurred in association with general anaesthesia (GA incidents) 48% were "human detected" and 52% "monitor detected", the ECG was ranked third and detected 121 (19%) of these monitor detected GA incidents. ⋯ These incidents are generally detected relatively early in their evolution. AIMS data has confirmed, however, that the ECG has such poor sensitivity for serious physiological changes such as hypoxia, hypercarbia and hypotension that it cannot even be regarded as a useful "back-up" monitor for these problems. Indeed a "normal" ECG in a dangerous situation may lead to a degree of complacency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1993
Evaluation of safety procedures in anaesthesia and intensive care.
A study was conducted to determine the ability of junior anaesthetists to check the anaesthetic machine, demonstrate a knowledge of a multifunction monitor and a defibrillator, and know the hospital fire drill. The subjects were 38 junior anaesthetists working in a large multi-disciplinary teaching hospital. 45% were able to check the anaesthetic machine according to the guidelines of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and 16% had a complete working knowledge of the monitor. ⋯ Only one subject had a working knowledge of the fire drill; excluding knowledge of the fire drill only 3 subjects (8%) satisfactorily completed all aspects of the assessment. As a result of this study structured checking routines are being introduced into anaesthetic teaching and practice and a similar multi-center study of specialist anaesthetists is being planned.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1993
The Australian Incident Monitoring Study. Difficult intubation: an analysis of 2000 incident reports.
The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study were analysed with respect to the incidence and circumstances of problems with endotracheal intubation; 85 (4%) indicated difficulties with intubation. One third of these were emergency cases, one third involved an initially unassisted trainee and one fifth were outside normal working hours. Failure to predict a difficult intubation was reported in one third of the cases, with another quarter presenting serious difficulty despite preoperative prediction. ⋯ The most serious desaturations were associated with accidental oesophageal intubation. These data suggest a lack of reliable preoperative assessment techniques and skills for the prediction of difficult intubations. They also suggest the need for a greater emphasis on ensuring that the necessary equipment is available, and on teaching and learning drills for difficult intubation and any associated difficulty with ventilation.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1993
The Australian Incident Monitoring Study. Human failure: an analysis of 2000 incident reports.
Information of relevance to human failure was extracted from the first 2,000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS). All reports were searched for human factors amongst the "factors contributing," "factors minimising", and "suggested corrective strategies" categories, and these were classified according to the type of human error with which they were associated. ⋯ Failure to check equipment or the patient contributed to nearly one-quarter of all incidents, and inadequate crisis management contributed to a further 1 in 8. "Skill-based errors" (slips and lapses) were directly responsible for 1 in 10 of all incidents, and were thought to make an indirect contribution in up to one quarter. "Technical errors" were responsible for about 1 in 8 incidents. Analysing the relative contribution of each type of error for each type of problem allows the development of rational preventative strategies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)