Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Sep 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of pump prime on acidosis, strong-ion-difference and unmeasured ions during cardiopulmonary bypass.
We tested the hypothesis that a cardiopulmonary bypass prime with lactate would be associated with less acidosis than a prime with only chloride anions because of differences in the measured strong-ion-difference. We randomised 20 patients to a 1500 ml bypass prime with either a chloride-only solution (Ringer's Injection; anions: chloride 152 mmol/l) or a lactated solution (Hartmann's solution; anions: chloride 109 mmol/l, lactate 29 mmol/l). Arterial blood was sampled before bypass and then two, five, 15 and 30 minutes after initiating bypass. ⋯ There was, however a difference in the net-unmeasured-ions (strong-ion-gap). We conclude that acid-base changes with cardiopulmonary bypass may differ with the prime but that the early differences between chloride-only and lactated primes appear not to be due to differences in the measured strong-ion-difference. We suggest future studies examine other possible mechanisms including unmeasured ions.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Sep 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialAmbulatory continuous femoral analgesia for major knee surgery: a randomised study of ultrasound-guided femoral catheter placement.
Needle-nerve stimulation has a false negative motor response rate, which may increase needle passes. This prospective, randomised study tested the hypothesis that femoral nerve catheters placed with ultrasound-only guidance could provide comparable postoperative analgesia to those placed using a conventional nerve stimulation endpoint. Patients presenting for major knee surgery to the lead investigator were recruited. ⋯ The median (quartiles) needle time under the skin was 58 seconds (51 to 76) in the ultrasound group and 120 seconds (95 to 178) in the nerve stimulation group (P = 0.001). The median (quartiles) insertion numerical rating pain score was 2 (0 to 2) in the ultrasound group and 4 (2 to 6) in the nerve stimulation group (P = 0.014). Femoral nerve catheters placed for major knee surgery using an ultrasound endpoint provided postoperative analgesia comparable to that obtained when using a nerve stimulation endpoint and were associated with a reduction in both needle manipulations and procedure-related pain.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Sep 2009
Comparative StudyMortality and cost outcomes of elderly trauma patients admitted to intensive care and the general wards of an Australian tertiary referral hospital.
Mortality and cost outcomes of elderly intensive care unit (ICU) trauma patients were characterised in a retrospective cohort study from an Australian tertiary ICU Trauma patients admitted between January 2000 and December 2005 were grouped into three major age categories: aged > or =65 years admitted into ICU (n = 272); aged -65 years admitted into general ward (n = 610) and aged < 65 years admitted into ICU (n = 1617). Hospital mortality predictors were characterised as odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression. The impact of predictor variables on (log) total hospital-stay costs was determined using least squares regression. ⋯ Mortality cost-effect was estimated at -63% by least squares regression and -82% by treatment-effects regression model. Patient demographic factors, injury severity and its consequences predict both cost and survival in trauma. The cost mortality effect was biased upwards by conventional least squares regression estimation.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Sep 2009
An audit of potentially recyclable waste from anaesthetic practice.
Little is known about the amount of anaesthesia waste that is recyclable. We tested the hypotheses: 1) that anaesthetists produce a small proportion (< 10%) of total operating suite waste, 2) that much of this waste (> 30%) is recyclable and 3) that there is little (< 10%) cross-contamination of infectious and non-infectious waste. For five weekdays in a metropolitan hospital with six operating theatres, we weighed waste and determined the proportion of anaesthesia waste that was recyclable. ⋯ Anaesthesia waste was a quarter of total operating suite waste. Almost 60% of anaesthesia general waste could be recycled. Failure to eliminate infectious waste from general waste could be a barrier to recycling.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Sep 2009
The functional outcome and recovery of patients admitted to an intensive care unit following drug overdose: a follow-up study.
Patients who have overdosed on drugs commonly present to emergency departments, with only the most severe cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Such patients typically survive hospitalisation. We studied their longer term functional outcomes and recovery patterns which have not been well described. ⋯ The median Glasgow outcome score of survivors was 4.5, their Karnofsky score 80. Admission to ICU for treatment of overdose is associated with a very high risk of death in both the short- and long-term. While excellent functional recovery is achievable, 16% of survivors were held in custody and 54% unemployed.