Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialRationalizing venepuncture pain: comparison of lignocaine injection, Butterfly (21 gauge and 23 gauge) and Venflon (20 gauge).
Two hundred and seventy-eight patients scheduled for all types of surgery and premedicated with diazepam and metoclopramide were randomly allocated to one of four groups to compare the relative pain of an injection of 0.25 ml of lignocaine 1% via a 25 gauge needle with the pain of the siting of a 21 gauge Butterfly (Abbott), 23 gauge Butterfly or a 20 gauge Venflon (Vigo Spectramed). The injection of lignocaine and insertion of the 23 gauge Butterfly were associated with the least complaints of pain and least observed responses to pain. The 21 gauge Butterfly and 20 gauge Venflon were associated with complaints of greater pain and more pain responses. We conclude that a pre-cannulation injection of lignocaine causes minimal discomfort and is the most appropriate means of reducing the discomfort of venous cannulation when not using skin penetrating analgesic creams.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialModulating effects of lignocaine on propofol.
Pain is a well known complication of propofol injection. Premixing with lignocaine 0.1 mg.kg-1 and injection into a large forearm vein has been recommended. The amount of lignocaine to be added is often empirical when the vein on the dorsum of the hand is used. ⋯ Our study shows that a propofol emulsion containing 0.05% lignocaine is effective in reducing the incidence of propofol injection pain. The addition of lignocaine also reduces the incidence of excitatory effects. Increasing the dosage of lignocaine above 0.05% does not improve the results.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 1995
Inguinal field block for adult inguinal hernia repair using a short-bevel needle. Description and clinical experience in Solomon Islands and an Australian teaching hospital.
One of the limitations of an inguinal field block is that it does not reliably produce complete anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to describe a modified short-bevel needle technique, facilitating correct needle placement, for inguinal hernia repair. Anaesthetists from two different institutions performed the described infiltration blocks. ⋯ Results of the modified inguinal field block showed a 97% ability to achieve a "fair" block or better. Intraoperative and postoperative data showed high surgeon and patient satisfaction for the block. The described block using a short-bevel needle is recommended as a suitable method for adult patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
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The concept of a Medical Emergency Team was developed in order to rapidly identify and manage seriously ill patients at risk of cardiopulmonary arrest and other high-risk conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the utilization and outcome of Medical Emergency Team interventions over a one-year period at a teaching hospital in South Western Sydney. ⋯ Alerting the team using the specific condition criteria occurred in 253/522 (48%) calls and on physiological/pathological abnormality criteria in 121/522 (23%) calls. Survival rate to hospital discharge following cardiopulmonary arrest was low (29%), compared with other medical emergencies (76%).
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Apr 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCorrection of splanchnic oxygen deficit in the intensive care unit: dopexamine and colloid versus placebo.
Correction of the splanchnic oxygen deficit indicated by low gastric intramucosal pH (pHi < 7.35) appears to reduce ICU mortality. Dopexamine hydrochloride is in clinical use for this purpose but its efficacy has not been fully investigated. We report the results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study with a crossover design to assess the efficacy of dopexamine in correcting low pHi. ⋯ There was no difference in pHi between treatments despite cardiovascular effects during dopexamine infusion. There was, however, a time-related increase in pHi suggesting a beneficial effect of conventional therapy. Dopexamine hydrochloride at 4-6 micrograms/kg/min in conjunction with colloid is not a clinically useful therapy to correct the splanchnic oxygen deficit indicated by low pHi.