Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · May 1985
A comparison of different concentrations of lignocaine hydrochloride used for topical anaesthesia of the larynx of the cat.
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made from the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid) and the diaphragm of the cat to compare the effect of the same dose of different concentrations of lignocaine hydrocholoride applied topically to the laryngeal mucosa. All concentrations of lignocaine hydrochloride tested, two, five and ten per cent, produced desensitisation of the larynx, as demonstrated by a loss of response of the crocothyroid and thyroarytenoid to mechanical stimulation of the mucosa. ⋯ Return of baseline response took significantly longer when 5 or 10% lignocaine was used compared with that when 2% was used (p less than 0.05). The usefulness of lignocaine hydrochloride as a topical anaesthetic for the larynx is reviewed.
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Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic commonly used to reduce intracranial pressure. While various side-effects, including hyperosmolar states, precipitate reduction in intracranial pressure, rebound phenomenon and hypervolaemia have been described, hypotension due to rapid administration has not been widely recognised.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Feb 1985
Blood flow, sympathetic activity and pain relief following lumbar sympathetic blockade or surgical sympathectomy.
The physiological effects of local anaesthetic (bupivacaine), neurolytic (phenol) blockade and surgical ablation of the lumbar sympathetic chain were assessed in patients with peripheral vascular disease or sympathetic dystrophy. Local anaesthetic blockade in 49 patients resulted in significant decrease in pain, plantar sweating and in the vasoconstrictor ice response of the foot, as well as a significant increase in skin temperature and foot blood flow. Subsequent neurolytic blockade in 31 of these patients achieved an effective denervation as assessed by the same physiological measurements. The magnitude of changes in blood flow and sympathetic activity were similar for local anaesthetic and neurolytic blockade as well as in six patients who underwent surgical sympathectomy.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Feb 1985
Historical ArticleThe introduction of local anaesthesia in Australia, January 19, 1885.
Medical journals in Australia between 1856 and 1884 were wont to publish many references to forms of local anaesthesia, probably because this form of pain relief was of assistance to lone practitioners in isolated country towns. Some of these methods are described, as is the first use of cocaine by A. S. ⋯ T. Rudall on January 19, 1885. As in journals elsewhere there followed a spate of articles reporting various aspects of cocaine and its usage, including an abortive attempt to find an alternative agent.