The Clinical journal of pain
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Comparative Study
Predictors of incident chronic widespread pain among veterans following the first Gulf War.
We sought to determine the predictors of incident chronic widespread pain (CWP), specifically, the effect of preexisting symptoms, stress, and psychosocial factors in the subsequent development of CWP among veterans from the first Gulf War (GW). ⋯ Among the GW veterans evaluated longitudinally in this study, family history, predeployment symptoms, and the level of perceived stress during the GW were associated with subsequent development of CWP.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Early access to physical therapy treatment for subacute low back pain in primary health care: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
To evaluate the effects of early access (EA) to physical therapy treatment for patients with subacute low back pain compared to access with a 4-week waiting list. ⋯ This study indicated that EA to physical therapy resulted in greater improvement in perceived pain at 6 months compared to later access. In this study, EA to physical therapy could be introduced by reorganization without additional resources.
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Comparative Study
Myofascial disorders in the trochlear region in unilateral migraine: a possible initiating or perpetuating factor.
Some patients with trochlear disorders have been found to suffer from concurrent migraine. However, a trochlear examination is not systematically done in patients with migraine. Moreover, a search for myofascial trigger points in the superior oblique muscle has never been reported in these patients. ⋯ Patients with unilateral migraine commonly perceive referred pain from the trochlear area that probably comes from the myofascial trigger points. Myofascial disorders in the trochlear region might contribute to the perpetuation of concomitant migraine.
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Comparative Study
Adolescent-parent relationships in the context of adolescent chronic pain conditions.
This study explored adolescent-parent relationships in families of adolescents with chronic pain. ⋯ The findings suggest important directions for future research to advance our understanding of the role of adolescent-parent relationships in the pain-disability cycle.
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Comparative Study
The effect of fear of movement on muscle activation in posttraumatic neck pain disability.
Studies using surface electromyography have demonstrated a reorganization of muscle activation patterns of the neck and shoulder muscles in patients with posttraumatic neck pain disability. The neurophysiologically oriented "pain adaptation" model explains this reorganization as a useful adaptation to prevent further pain and injury. The cognitive-behavioral-oriented "fear avoidance" model suggests that fear of movement, in addition to the effects of pain, modulates the muscle activation level. ⋯ The contribution of pain intensity to the muscle activation level appeared to decrease over time after the trauma (t value=2.58, P=0.011). The results support both the "pain adaptation" and the "fear avoidance" models. It is likely that the decrease in muscle activation level is aimed at "avoiding" the use of painful muscles.