The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Adding Dexamethasone to Adductor Canal Block Combined With iPACK Block Improve Postoperative Analgesia of Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Both adductor canal block (ACB) and infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (iPACK) block are mainly sensory blocks, preserving muscle strength and the ability to ambulate. This study was designed to evaluate whether adding dexamethasone to ropivacaine could improve postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). ⋯ Compared with using ropivacaine alone, ultrasonic-guided ACB combined with iPACK using ropivacaine and dexamethasone could prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia and strength analgesic intensity and promote the early rehabilitation exercise of patients undergoing TKA.
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Current literature in pediatric pain evaluates the Fear Avoidance model (FAM) pathways at the trait (or macrotemporal) level, but it is unknown if these pathways also occur at the state (or microtemporal) level. Identifying microtemporal processes can improve our understanding of how the relationships within the Fear Avoidance constructs vary when specific Fear Avoidance variables wax and wane. We hypothesized that changes in FAM constructs would be associated with changes in the next variable in the sequence on a microtemporal level, including: (1) higher pain when there is more pain-related fear, (2) higher pain-related fear when there is more avoidance, and (3) higher avoidance when there is more reported disability. ⋯ The current study suggests that the ways in which the FAM is related to various aspects of pain functioning differs on a state-level, which adds new clinical and research opportunities.