Critical care clinics
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Pulmonary embolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the puerperium. The spectrum of venous thromboembolism is difficult to diagnose. ⋯ Anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Most of the literature and practice protocols for the treatment of pregnant women are based on data extrapolated from the nonpregnant population, and more research is needed to improve the understanding of the efficacy and safety of testing and therapy in the pregnant population.
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Obstetric anesthesia is considered to be a difficult, high-risk practice that exposes the anesthesiologist to increased medicolegal liability. Anesthetic management of parturient patients is a challenge, as it involves simultaneous care of two lives. The anesthesia practitioner has a duty to provide safe anesthetic care, including effective airway management when providing regional or general anesthesia. The potential need to manipulate the airway is perhaps the leading cause of concern among obstetric anesthesiologists.
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This article examines the management and outcomes of pregnant women with cystic fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, and sarcoidosis. Pregnancy and the puerperium are associated with important cardiopulmonary changes that can adversely affect the clinical condition. Management of pregnant women with CF should be done with careful attention to complications of altered body weight, diabetes, and liver disease. ⋯ A multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension is of great importance for a successful maternal and fetal outcome. Good maternal and fetal outcomes are possible in women with restrictive lung disease in general and sarcoidosis in particular. The management of pregnancy, labor, and delivery are not altered by the presence of sarcoidosis.
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Determining the cause of liver disease in pregnancy can present a difficult challenge for clinicians. Minor elevations in aminotransferases may be a harbinger of life-threatening processes, such as acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) or hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. ⋯ They have been shown to be the primary causes of severe hepatic dysfunction during pregnancy. This article attempts to define the clinical and diagnostic features, pathophysiology, and treatment options of these diseases.