Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Risk perceptions among participants undergoing lung cancer screening: baseline results from the National Lung Screening Trial.
Lung cancer screening could present a "teachable moment" for promoting smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Understanding the risk perceptions of older individuals who undergo screening will guide these efforts. ⋯ Using a comprehensive risk perception measurement, we found that current and former smokers held different risk perceptions. Former and current smokers' smoking and medical history, race, emotional concerns, behavior change cognitions, and knowledge should be considered during a prescreening risk communication session. We highlight the theoretical and risk communication implications for former and current smokers undergoing lung cancer screening.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Brief patient-centered clinician-delivered counseling for high-risk drinking: 4-year results.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect at 48 months of a screening and brief patient-centered physician- and nurse practitioner-delivered intervention implemented during a routine primary care visit on the reduction of alcohol consumption by high-risk drinkers. ⋯ With a single brief intervention, SI participants had significantly greater reductions in their drinking levels at 6 and 12 months compared to UC participants and maintained the lower-risk levels at 48 months resulting in a reduction in health risk exposure time. However, the significant group differences in treatment effect seen in earlier follow-ups were not maintained.
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Comparative Study
The dynamics of quality of life in ALS patients and caregivers.
Quality of life (QOL) in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their caregivers may depend on disease progression, premorbid characteristics (e.g., personality or demographics), or idiosyncratic effects (e.g., life events unrelated to the disease). Furthermore, effects may differ for patients and caregivers; physical decline may impact the caregiver more than the patient. ⋯ Low QOL among ALS patients is likely due to pre-existing individual differences, whereas both individual differences such as demographics (e.g., age) and disease progression are likely to affect QOL among caregivers.
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Emergency departments (EDs) have strong potential to initiate tobacco interventions with economically disadvantaged populations. ⋯ Motivational cessation counseling can be feasibly initiated during the ED encounter with minimal medical staff involvement. Adequately powered trials are needed to study ED-initiated interventions that include post-visit follow-up.
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Prior studies with patient samples have found dispositional optimism to be associated with less pain. ⋯ Dispositional optimism is associated with reduced pain for healthy adults encountering a brief pain stimulus. This relationship is eliminated, however, when individuals are primed with thoughts of health and well-being. The results are interpreted as evidence for the use of differential coping strategies by optimists in response to pain.