Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
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The fear-avoidance model of chronic pain holds that individuals who catastrophize in response to injury are at risk for pain-related fear and avoidance behavior, and ultimately prolonged pain and disability. ⋯ This study supports the notion that the predictive power of the fear-avoidance model of pain is enhanced when individual differences in both pain-related vulnerability (e.g., catastrophizing) and pain-related protective resources (e.g., resilience) are considered.
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Observers' responses to people with illness are important predictors of quality of life, yet findings are mixed regarding the types of responses that affect illness-related suffering. ⋯ The results from this study suggest that attention to different types of partner behaviors is essential when developing behavioral medicine treatments for pain and illness.
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Opioid analgesics are frequently used in the home setting to manage episodic pain in youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Given the risk of adverse side effects, including constipation and sedation, understanding factors associated with at-home opioid use is important for maximizing pain relief while minimizing negative side effects. ⋯ Child and parent psychological factors relate to child opioid use at home for SCD-related pain. Future research is warranted in larger samples to identify targets for interventions to enhance pain management while reducing opioid-related risk and side effects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Six Month Abstinence Heterogeneity in the Best Quit Study.
Understanding the characteristics of smokers who are successful in quitting may help to increase smoking cessation rates. ⋯ These results indicate the presence of a substantial variation in abstinence following treatment, and that the total extent of contact via counseling calls of any type and baseline characteristics, rather than assigned treatment, were most important to subgroup membership and abstinence. Tailored treatments to subgroups who are at high risk for smoking following a quit attempt could increase successful smoking cessation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A Positive Mood Induction for Reducing the Formation of Nocebo Effects from Side Effect Information.
Providing treatment side effect information can increase the occurrence of side effects through nocebo effects. Nocebo effects from side effect information raise a dilemma for health care, as there is an ethical obligation to disclose potential unpleasant treatment information to patients. ⋯ This is the first experiment to find that a positive mood induction can block the formation of nocebo effects that arise from side effect information. Inducing positive moods may be an effective strategy for reducing nocebo effects in a variety of clinical settings.