Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Relaxation training and written emotional disclosure for tension or migraine headaches: a randomized, controlled trial.
Behavioral medicine interventions that directly reduce arousal and negative emotions, such as relaxation training (RT), are conceptually different from interventions that temporarily increase negative emotions, such as written emotional disclosure (WED), but no studies have directly compared their efficacy. We compared the effects of RT and WED on people with tension or migraine headaches. ⋯ A brief RT protocol was effective for tension headaches, but WED had no effect on health status for either tension or migraine headaches. Modifications to WED, such as targeting people with unresolved stress, providing guidance to enhance the potency of the writing, or including additional at-home writing and exposure exercises, may improve its efficacy for people with headaches and other health problems.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Anger management style moderates effects of emotion suppression during initial stress on pain and cardiovascular responses during subsequent pain-induction.
Suppression of emotion, anger in particular, may be linked to heightened pain intensity during a subsequent painful event, but it is not clear whether an individual's anger management style (trait anger-out or trait anger-in) moderates effects on pain intensity and cardiovascular responses during pain. ⋯ A mismatch situation may apply for high anger-out people who suppress emotion in a certain circumstance and thus may suffer greater discomfort and physiological responsiveness to subsequent pain than high anger-out people not having to suppress.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Health-related quality of life and patient reports about care outcomes in a multidisciplinary hospital intervention.
Patient perceptions of care and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are important outcomes for hospitalized patients. ⋯ There were no differences in reports and ratings of hospital care or HRQOL between the control and the intervention groups. Hence, the behavioral changes in hospital staff in the intervention group had no effect on patient-reported outcomes. Mental health at baseline was predictive of patient evaluations of the hospitalization, but evaluations of care were not associated with subsequent HRQOL. Thus, it may be important to adjust patient evaluations of hospital care for case-mix differences in health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effects of hypnotic and nonhypnotic imaginative suggestion on pain.
Few studies have compared placebo and suggested pain reduction. ⋯ In the general population, nonhypnotic imaginative suggestions may be as effective as hypnotic suggestions in reducing pain. Response expectancies would seem to be an important mechanism of placebo and suggested pain reduction.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Catastrophizing and pain sensitivity among chronic pain patients: moderating effects of sensory and affect focus.
Pain catastrophizing is a particularly harmful cognitive factor among patients with chronic pain, but little is known of mechanisms linking this factor to pain and disability. ⋯ Catastrophizing about pain may affect pain severity and distress of chronic pain patients through a bias toward processing the most disturbing elements of a painful stimulus.