The Journal of international medical research
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Meta Analysis
Effects of palonosetron and ondansetron on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.
Background This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery with general anesthesia. Methods We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Results Nine studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis and showed no statistically significant difference between palonosetron and ondansetron in the prevention of PONV in the first 24 hours after surgery (relative risk [RR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-1.10). ⋯ No significant differences in side effects were found between palonosetron and ondansetron (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.40-1.14). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that palonosetron is not more efficacious than ondansetron in the prevention of early PONV. However, palonosetron was more efficacious than ondansetron in the prevention of vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Pentax airway scope versus Macintosh laryngoscope when used by novice personnel: A prospective randomized controlled study.
Objective To determine whether intubation education using the Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) in normal airways is more useful than direct laryngoscopy (Macintosh laryngoscope) in novice personnel. Methods Eleven intern doctors without intubation experience performed 60 sequential intubations with each device on a manikin and 10 sequential intubations in adult patients. The time required for successful intubation, percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score, number of intubation attempts, and number of dental injuries were analyzed for each intubation technique. ⋯ Fewer dental injuries occurred with the Pentax AWS in the manikin study. Conclusions Novices performed intubation more rapidly and easily with an improved laryngeal view using the Pentax AWS. We suggest that intubation education with video laryngoscopy should be mandatory along with direct laryngoscope training.
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Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sex on bronchial parameters and the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed as a percentage of the forced vital capacity (FEV1% pred) on pulmonary function testing. Methods The data of 359 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with available FEV1% pred and computed tomography (CT) images were retrospectively reviewed. FACT-Digital lung TM software (DeXin, Xi'an, China) was used to perform fully automated three-dimensional CT quantitative measurements of the bronchi. ⋯ The FEV1% pred was significantly lower in women than men in the smoking and smoking cessation groups. The FEV1% pred was significantly higher in women than men in the nonsmoking group. Conclusion Sex-related differences may partially explain why smoking women experience more severe pulmonary function impairment than men among patients with COPD.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Clinical profile of unclassifiable interstitial lung disease: Comparison with chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Objective Unclassifiable interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common problem in clinical practice. These patients pose a distinct challenge with regard to appropriate evaluation and management. We investigated the clinical features and prognosis of unclassifiable ILD and compared its clinical profile with that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). ⋯ Increasing mortality was significantly impacted by age (HR = 1.04 per 1-year increase), lower carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (HR = 0.97), HRCT interstitial score (HR = 1.119 per 1-point increase), ILD-GAP score (HR = 1.570 per 1-point increase), and CPI (HR = 1.039 per 1-point increase). Conclusions Patients with unclassifiable ILD had an intermediate prognosis between that of IPF and NSIP. Patients at high risk of mortality can be identified using baseline clinical, physiological, and radiological features.
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Objective To examine the relationship of pulmonary parameters and functional capacity with quality of life (QoL) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Thirty-six patients with chronic AF were included in this cross-sectional study. QoL was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item Short Form (SF-36) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). ⋯ The MLHFQ total score was correlated with the maximum inspiratory pressure (r = -0.542), maximum expiratory pressure (r = -0.384), 6MWT distance (r = -0.535), resting Borg dyspnea score (r = 0.641), and resting Borg fatigue score (r = 0.703). The resting Borg fatigue score was the significant independent predictor of the SF-36 physical component score and the MLHFQ total score. Conclusion Respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity measured with the 6MWT, and resting symptoms including dyspnea and fatigue may have an impact on QoL in patients with AF.