The Journal of international medical research
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A simple method that can be performed at the bedside using a spring balance was developed in order to quantify spasticity. The effects of tizanidine on spasticity were evaluated in 30 patients with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease using this method. ⋯ The simple spasticity quantification method developed was useful for monitoring tizanidine administration in order to prevent drug overdose. The method appears to be very useful for evaluating the degree of spasticity at the bedside and in measuring the effects of antispastic drugs.
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Review Comparative Study
Clinical and pharmacological review of the efficacy of orphenadrine and its combination with paracetamol in painful conditions.
Orphenadrine citrate, a monomethylated derivative of diphenhydramine, has been used as a muscle relaxant and as an analgesic both alone or as a constituent of combination products. Data on the efficacy of orphenadrine alone and in combination with paracetamol for painful conditions are evaluated in the present review. ⋯ Although only a small number of well-controlled studies have been completed with the combination product of orphenadrine/paracetamol, each supports the view that the combination has superior efficacy over paracetamol alone. There is no doubt that the combination product is more efficacious than placebo.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Effects of diazoxide on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
The efficacy of 2 or 3 mg/kg diazoxide given 2.5 min before laryngoscopy in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation was studied in 30 patients undergoing elective surgery. Data were compared with those from 10 control patients receiving saline. ⋯ The increases following tracheal intubation were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in diazoxide-treated patients compared with those in the control group, but there were no significant differences in heart rate following tracheal intubation among the three groups. Data suggest that diazoxide can be used as a supplement during induction of anaesthesia to attenuate the hypertensive response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ketorolac, a new non-opioid analgesic: a double-blind trial versus pentazocine in cancer pain.
A randomized double-blind trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drug, ketorolac, in the treatment of cancer pain compared with the opioid pentazocine. A total of 40 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were studied, 20 patients being treated with 10 mg ketorolac given orally every 6 h and 20 receiving 50 mg pentazocine given orally every 6 h for up to 7 days. A reduction in the severity of the pain was recorded in both treatment groups with no significant difference in efficacy being found between the two therapies, although withdrawals due to adverse reactions were significantly less in the ketorolac-treated group (p less than 0.005). It is concluded that ketorolac may be a useful and more acceptable alternative to opioids in the treatment of cancer pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Placebo-controlled comparison of single intramuscular doses of ketorolac tromethamine and pethidine for post-operative analgesia.
The analgesic efficacy and safety of single doses of 10 mg and 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine and 100 mg pethidine were evaluated in a double-blind, parallel-group study. The drugs were administered intramuscularly to patients experiencing moderate, severe or very severe pain immediately following major abdominal surgery. ⋯ Ketorolac, at a dose of 10 or 30 mg, and 100 mg pethidine were clinically and statistically more effective than placebo, with 30 mg ketorolac having a similar efficacy to 100 mg pethidine over the 8-h study period and 10 mg ketorolac being slightly less effective than 30 mg ketorolac. No serious adverse events were reported.