Toxicology and industrial health
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Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication can be serious and is reported to be the cause of more than half of all fatal intoxications. In this study, we aimed to identify its genotoxic effects based on sister chromatid exchange (SCE). ⋯ CO poisoning was shown to result in genotoxicity via an increase in the frequency of SCE. This study is the first to demonstrate a genotoxic effect of CO independent of other chemicals.
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Organophosphate poisoning is a life-threatening condition, which is being responsible for the symptoms due to cholinergic effects. Clinical status and blood levels of cholinesterase are used its diagnosis. While atropine and pralidoxime (PAM) appear as essential medications, hemofiltration treatments and lipid solutions have been widely studied in recent years. ⋯ Of all, 23 patients (92%) were discharged in good clinical condition and one patient (4%) was referred to another hospital. This study suggests that atropine can be administered until secretions disappear and intensive care should be exerted in follow-up of these patients. In addition, in case of necessity for high doses, sufficient amounts of atropine and PAM should be available in hospitals.
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Lifeguards are frequently exposed to various irritant chemicals including chlorine during work, which can induce respiratory and allergic disorders. In this study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and self-reported respiratory and allergic symptoms in lifeguards were compared with matched control subjects. The frequency of respiratory and allergic symptoms was evaluated in a sample of 38 Iranian male lifeguards and 38 control subjects with similar age, having other jobs from the general population, using a questionnaire including questions on work-related respiratory and allergic symptoms in the past year, smoking habits, and duration of working as a lifeguard. ⋯ In addition, most (all) PFT values were significantly improved after 200 µg inhaled salbutamol (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). These results showed that lifeguards have higher frequencies of work related respiratory symptoms and allergic symptoms particularly during the work period. PFT values were also significantly reduced among lifeguards.
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Neuropathic pain is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. It is well characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, hypothesia, dysesthesia and allodynia. The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive potential of Butea monosperma on vincristine-induced painful neuropathy in rats. ⋯ Pretreatment with B. monosperma significantly attenuated vincristine-induced development of painful behavioural, biochemical and histological changes in a dose-dependent manner, which is similar to that of pregabalin-pretreated group. B. monosperma ameliorated vincristine-induced painful neuropathy. It may be due to its potential of antioxidative, neuroprotective and calcium channel inactivation.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of infliximab on oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the rat intestinal mucosa after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham, I/R and I/R+ infliximab; each group comprised 10 animals. Sham group animals underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. ⋯ I/R caused severe histopathological injury including mucosal erosions, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and villous congestion. Infliximab treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury, inhibiting I/R-induced apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, infliximab pretreatment may have protective effects on the experimental intestinal I/R model of rats.