Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery
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The challenge of managing pediatric foot injuries is the identification of the rare injuries that require operative treatment and the management of complications such as compartment syndrome, post-traumatic foot deformities, and avascular necrosis. With these complications in mind, the authors discuss fractures of the talus, calcaneus, lesser tarsal bones, Lisfranc's joint, metarsals, and phalanges. Dislocation of metatarsophalangeal or interphalangeal joints is also discussed.
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The molecular and cellular process to promote bone formation has been examined extensively in recent years in an attempt to minimize delayed unions and nonunions. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been determined to play an intricate role in the bone formation cascade. ⋯ Continuing research is investigating the optimal carrier that will give the best results. This article reviews the most current information regarding BMPs.
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Partial foot amputations and revision and closure of such are some of the most challenging cases handled by all foot and ankle surgeons. Preoperative planning and perioperative decision making are tantamount to successful amputations of the foot. ⋯ This article discusses the reasons leading to complications status post partial amputation of the foot. Understanding these causes often minimizes a challenging course of healing, which all podiatric surgeons encounter after pedal amputations.
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This article is a guide to nail evaluation, focusing on the more prominent nail dystrophies and related systemic diseases that the podiatrist is most likely to encounter. This article classifies systemic illnesses by their relationship to specific nail abnormalities.
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The use of external fixation in foot and ankle arthrodesis can be beneficial. Its advantages, disadvantages, and indications were reviewed in this article. ⋯ An understanding of musculoskeletal physiology and the biomechanics of bone and soft tissue are essential for the competent application of external fixators in general and Ilizarov frames in particular. The surgeon should be aware of all the surgical options before the application of an external complex apparatus.