Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery
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There are a number of glandular disorders that can affect the nails. A listing of the diseases and their corresponding nail changes is shown in Table 2. It is imperative to be able to discern this possible etiology from others, such as trauma and shoegear. ⋯ When a glandular disorder is the source of nail pathology, the signs are very often nonspecific. Many pathologies produce similar nail changes, and singular nail changes may be caused by different pathologies. One must use extreme caution in trying to diagnose systemic pathologies from changes observed in nails.
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Clin Podiatr Med Surg · Apr 1989
Case ReportsNail changes associated with scleroderma: a case report.
A case report and literature review on the association of nail changes and scleroderma was presented. The exact etiology of these nail changes seen in scleroderma and of the disease entity itself, has not yet been determined. The current treatment regimen, which is at best supportive, was discussed. ⋯ Nonetheless, there are still questions that remain to be answered regarding the nail changes associated with scleroderma. For example, are these nail changes the result of Raynaud's phenomenon and its associated arterial insufficiency, or are they a normal sequelae of the integumentary degeneration so characteristic of scleroderma? Whatever the answer may be, it should be recognized that these changes are a source of clinical concern. Practitioners should take note of this clinical entity and record their findings so that these perplexing questions, as well as many others, may be discussed in the future.
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Clin Podiatr Med Surg · Oct 1988
ReviewArthrography, tenography, and bursography of the ankle and foot.
A brief description of normal anatomy and common arthrographic, tenographic, and bursographic procedures is presented. The described procedures are important diagnostic tools and do not carry major risk. Therefore, these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis.
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Two principal classifications of ankle fractures are reviewed. Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma.
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In the past, intraarticular fractures that were unresponsive to conservative care have required open arthrotomy. However, recent advances in technology and instrumentation have made arthroscopy of the small joints possible. This article provides an overview of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of intraarticular fractures of the ankle.