Cancer metastasis reviews
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Sep 2016
ReviewEstrogen, progesterone, and HER2/neu receptor discordance between primary and metastatic breast tumours-a review.
Discordance in estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2/neu status between primary breast tumours and metastatic disease is well recognized. In this review, we highlight how receptor discordance between primary tumours and paired metastasis can help elucidate the mechanism of metastasis but can also effect patient management and the design of future trials. Discordance rates and ranges were available from 47 studies (3384 matched primary and metastatic pairs) reporting ER, PR, and HER2/neu expression for both primary and metastatic sites. ⋯ Loss of expression is more common than gain. This can affect patient management as it can lead to a reduction in both the efficacy and availability of potential therapeutic agents. Future studies are recommended to explore both the mechanisms of discordance as well as its impact on patient outcome and management.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Dec 2015
ReviewInsights into brain metastasis in patients with ALK+ lung cancer: is the brain truly a sanctuary?
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been identified to exert a potent transforming activity through its rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and patients (pts) with ALK rearrangement can be treated more successfully with ALK inhibitors, such as crizotinib, alectinib, and ceritinib, than with chemotherapy. Despite the excellent efficacy of ALK inhibitors, resistance to these drugs is inevitably encountered in most ALK-rearranged pts. Cases of resistance are subtyped into three groups, i.e., systemic, oligo, and central nervous system (CNS) types, with the CNS being used to be considered a sanctuary. ⋯ Furthermore, alectinib can be used to achieve strong and long-lasting inhibitory effects on BM. In addition to alectinib, the IC efficacy of other next-generation ALK inhibitors, such as ceritinib, AP26113 and PF-06463922, has been demonstrated. In this article, we review the latest evidence regarding the BM and IC efficacy of ALK inhibitors in pts with ALK+ NSCLC.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jun 2015
ReviewFive critical elements to ensure the precision medicine.
The precision medicine as a new emerging area and therapeutic strategy has occurred and was practiced in the individual and brought unexpected successes, and gained high attentions from professional and social aspects as a new path to improve the treatment and prognosis of patients. There will be a number of new components to appear or be discovered, of which clinical bioinformatics integrates clinical phenotypes and informatics with bioinformatics, computational science, mathematics, and systems biology. ⋯ Precision medicine will bring more new therapeutic strategies, drug discovery and development, and gene-oriented treatment. There is an urgent need to identify and validate disease-specific, mechanism-based, or epigenetics-dependent biomarkers to monitor precision medicine, and develop "precision" regulations to guard the application of precision medicine.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jun 2015
ReviewTargeting roles of inflammatory microenvironment in lung cancer and metastasis.
Inflammatory cells and mediators are essential components in tumor microenvironment and play decisive roles in the initiation, proliferation, survival, promotion, invasion, or metastasis of lung cancer. Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggested a strong association between inflammation and lung cancer and an influence of immune surveillances and tumor responses to chemotherapeutic drugs, although roles of inflammation in lung cancer remain unclear. ⋯ We also discuss targeting potentials of inflammation in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. The diversity of cancer-related inflammatory microenvironment is instrumental to design novel therapeutic approaches for lung cancer.
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Cancer metastasis reviews · Jun 2015
Erratum to: Association of chromosome 19 to lung cancer genotypes and phenotypes.
Erratum to: Cancer and Metastasis Review, DOI 10.1007/s10555-015-9556-2. There are changes in authors' affiliations and a new affiliations for Carol L. ⋯ The corresponding author also missed out to include Peter Horvatovich as a co-author of this work. The complete list of authors is now listed above.