International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEvaluation of the efficacy of tranexamic acid on blood loss in orthognathic surgery. A prospective, randomized clinical study.
The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double blind study was to assess the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss, quality of surgical field and duration of surgery in adolescent orthognathic surgery patients. 50 consecutive patients, scheduled for orthognathic surgery were included. The study group (n=25) received tranexamic acid 10mg/kg as a bolus preoperatively followed by 1mg/kg as a maintenance dose intra operatively; the control group (n=25) received placebo (normal saline). All patients received moderate hypotensive anaesthesia with nitroglycerin and had surgery according to a standard protocol. ⋯ The results showed statistically significant reduction in blood loss (p<0.001) and improved quality of surgical field (p<0.001) in the study group. There was no significant difference in duration of surgery and transfusion requirements between the two groups. In conclusion, preoperative and intra operative administration of the antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, is effective in controlling blood loss and improving the quality of the surgical field.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2012
Obstructive sleep apnoea in Treacher Collins syndrome: prevalence, severity and cause.
This cohort study in 35 patients (13 children) evaluates the prevalence, severity and anatomical cause of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome. Ambulatory polysomnography was performed cross-sectionally to determine OSAS prevalence and severity. All upper airway related surgical interventions were evaluated retrospectively. ⋯ Endoscopy of the upper airways was helpful in determining the level of obstruction. Surgical treatment at one level will not resolve OSAS in most patients because OSAS in Treacher Collins has a multilevel origin. Non-invasive ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure or bilevel positive airway pressure) or tracheotomy should be considered as a treatment modality.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2012
Microvascular free flaps in head and neck surgery: complications and outcome of 1000 flaps.
This study analyzed the surgical outcome and complications of 1000 microvascular free flaps performed at the authors' institution in Germany, between 1987 and 2010. 972 patients underwent reconstruction with 1000 flaps: 28% latissimus dorsi flaps, 27% radial forearm flaps, 20% iliac crest flaps, 12% fibula flaps, 6% jejunal flaps, 2% anterolateral thigh flaps, and 5% other flaps. 130 failures (7.6%) were encountered, including 58 complete flap failures (44.6%) and 72 partial free-flap failures (55.4%). This study confirms that free flaps are extremely reliable in achieving successful reconstruction of the head and neck, but it is essential that complications be recognized and addressed early in their course to prevent or minimize devastating consequences. ⋯ Venous thrombosis and cervical haematoma are the most common complications at the recipient site and are mainly responsible for flap failure, while complications occurring at the donor site may result from dehiscence and graft necrosis. When a compromised flap is identified, surgical re-exploration should not be deferred.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · May 2012
Managing iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injury: a case series and review of the literature.
This study describes the management of 216 patients with post-traumatic iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries (LNIs; n=93) and inferior alveolar nerve injuries (IANI; n=123). At initial consultation, 6% IANI and 2% LNI patients had undergone significant resolution requiring no further reviews. Reassurance and counselling was adequate management for 51% IANI and 55% LNI patients. ⋯ A small percentage of IANI patients (4%) received a combination of therapies involving CBT, surgery, medication and 5% lidocaine patches. Exploratory surgery improved symptoms and reduced neuropathic area in 18 LNI and 15 IANI patients resulting in improved quality of life. In conclusion, the authors suggest a more diverse and perhaps holistic strategy for management of patients with iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries and recommend pragmatic assessment criteria for measurement of treatment success in these patients.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Mar 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEffect of single dose preoperative intramuscular dexamethasone injection on lower impacted third molar surgery.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexamethasone intramuscular injection 1h preoperatively, in reducing facial swelling, pain and trismus after lower impacted third molar (LITM) surgery. Twenty healthy Thai patients with both LITM surgical extraction were enrolled in the study. The washout period was 1 month after the first operation. ⋯ Additionally, the amount of paracetamol decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in trismus in the study and control groups 7 days after LITM operation. Single-dose intramuscular injection of dexamethasone can reduce postoperative facial swelling and pain, without affecting trismus after LITM surgical extraction.