Journal of general internal medicine
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The current literature is unclear about the association between distal hyperplastic polyps and synchronous neoplasia (adenomatous polyps and cancer) in the proximal colon. ⋯ In asymptomatic persons, a distal hyperplastic polyp is associated with a 21% to 25% risk for any proximal neoplasia and a 4% to 5% risk of advanced proximal neoplasia, and may justify examination of the proximal colon. Further study is needed to determine the risk of advanced proximal neoplasia associated with size and number of distal hyperplastic polyps.
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We analyzed the HIV Costs and Service Utilization Study data to determine the association of violence, assessed at baseline, with utilization of and access to health care at follow-up, among gay/bisexual male, heterosexual female, and heterosexual male HIV/AIDS patients. In multivariate analyses, male gay/bisexual violence victims had increased odds of reporting emergency department visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20 to 2.52), going without needed medical care because of expense (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.18), and having poor ability to access medical specialists (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.67). Further research is required to understand the association of violence with health care among gay/bisexual men with HIV/AIDS.
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African Americans and Latinos use services that require a doctor's order at lower rates than do whites. Racial bias and patient preferences contribute to disparities, but their effects appear small. ⋯ Research has shown that doctors have poorer communication with minority patients than with others, but problems in doctor-patient communication have received little attention as a potential cause, a remediable one, of health disparities. We evaluate the evidence that poor communication is a cause of disparities and propose some remedies drawn from the communication sciences.
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To assess the roles of socioeconomic status, social stability, social stress, health beliefs, and illicit drug use with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. ⋯ Although our sample size was limited and variables that are not significant in subgroup analysis may still be associated with adherence, our results suggest that correlates of nonadherence are HIV risk factor specific. Strategies to increase antiretroviral adherence in HIV-infected patients should include social support interventions targeted at different risk factors for different patient groups.