Journal of general internal medicine
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Decision aids (DAs), compared to no DAs, help improve the key aspects of shared decision-making, including increased knowledge, discussion frequency, and reduction in decisional conflict. However, systematic reviews have reported varied conclusions on screening uptake, and which DAs are superior to alternative forms in shared decision-making for cancer screening has not been comprehensively reviewed. ⋯ PROSPERO, CRD42021235957.
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Decision aids (DAs), compared to no DAs, help improve the key aspects of shared decision-making, including increased knowledge, discussion frequency, and reduction in decisional conflict. However, systematic reviews have reported varied conclusions on screening uptake, and which DAs are superior to alternative forms in shared decision-making for cancer screening has not been comprehensively reviewed. ⋯ PROSPERO, CRD42021235957.
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Misinformation about reproductive health threatens to harm health outcomes, compromise medical trust, and enable misinformed policy restrictions. In recent years, reproductive health misinformation has proliferated online due to ideological campaigns and limited content moderation for reproductive health topics. Developing evidence-based practices to counter reproductive health misinformation requires an understanding of the content that women are exposed to online, which is currently lacking. ⋯ Fourteen percent promoted alternative medicine. Smaller numbers of claims and narratives exaggerated risks of medical interventions, discouraged evidence-based interventions, directly undermined medical trust, and proposed inaccurate biological mechanisms. Healthcare professionals can proactively promote evidence-based medical decision-making by increasing their awareness of prominent misleading claims and narratives.
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In medical education, learner self-assessments are standard methods used to evaluate the impact of curricula and workshops. Due to the subjective nature of self-assessment, these measures are prone to known biases including framing, recall, social desirability, and response-shift bias. These biases can contribute to floor and ceiling effects of measurement, which can lead to false conclusions about whether the intended learning objectives were achieved. ⋯ For each design, we review strengths, weaknesses, and known biases and discuss examples to highlight trade-offs between options. We also discuss the use of control groups and follow-up surveys to measure retention over time as additional methods to address bias and related confounding. The guidance presented here is intended to raise educators' awareness of common pitfalls in self-assessment; minimize the impact of known biases when possible; provide evidence, examples, and rationales for optimal design choices; and increase the rigor of self-assessment evaluations.
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In 2023, approximately 650,000 people experienced homelessness (PEH) nightly in the United States, the highest number recorded in the country's history. This alarming statistic has made homelessness a key issue in the 2024 elections, especially with the White House's goal to reduce homelessness by 25% by 2025. Despite efforts and investments, homelessness remains a persistent public health challenge. ⋯ However, challenges remain in establishing adequate fee schedules and integrating care management. Despite these obstacles, the integration of healthcare and housing services is crucial for addressing homelessness effectively, promoting stability, and improving health outcomes for PEH. This manuscript explores the history, practical guidance, and potential impacts of these developments on homelessness and public health.